Vitamin C in breast milk may reduce the risk of atopy in the infant

Hoppu, Ulla; Rinne, Minna; Salo-Väänänen, Pirjo; Lampi, A-M; Piironen, Vieno; Isolauri, Erika

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602048

Cited by 73 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[31][32][33] However, the evidence that breastfeeding prevents allergies is contradictory, with some reviews showing a benefit while others did not. [34][35][36][37][38] These findings may be due to variations in breast milk composition, differences in maternal diet, [39][40][41][42] differences in specific infant-feeding practices, or a lack of precision in the way infant feeding has been measured. However, another explanation is that the immunomodulatory role of breast milk is only apparent when the immune system is exposed to an antigen at the same time as breast milk (the "overlap" effect).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Introduction of Complementary Foods and the Relationship to Food Allergy

Grimshaw¹,

Maskell

Oliver³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Breast milk is protective against many conditions, but its role in allergy has not been established. Infant-feeding recommendations support exclusive breastfeeding for 26 weeks, whereas allergy prevention recommendations advise exclusive breastfeeding for 4 to 6 months with continued breastfeeding thereafter. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Evidence that continued breastfeeding while solids are introduced into the diet and delaying the introduction of solids until at least 17 weeks of age are associated with fewer food allergies. abstract OBJECTIVES: To address questions regarding breastfeeding, complementary feeding, allergy development, and current infant-feeding recommendations.METHODS: This was a nested, case-control within a cohort study in which mothers of 41 infants diagnosed with food allergy by the age of 2 years (according to double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge) and their 82 age-matched controls kept prospective food diaries of how their infants were fed in the first year of life. RESULTS:Infants who were diagnosed with food allergy by the time they were 2 years of age were introduced to solids earlier (#16 weeks of age) and were less likely to be receiving breast milk when cow' s milk protein was first introduced into their diet. CONCLUSIONS:This study supports the current American Academy of Pediatrics' allergy prevention recommendations and the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommendations on complementary feeding to not introduce solids before 4 to 6 months of age. It also supports the American Academy of Pediatrics' breastfeeding recommendations that breastfeeding should continue while solids are introduced into the diet and that breastfeeding should continue for 1 year, or longer, as mutually desired by mother and infant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Introduction of Complementary Foods and the Relationship to Food Allergy

Grimshaw¹,

Maskell

Oliver³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

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show abstract

“…Several previous studies have reported the beneficial association of dietary antioxidant vitamins with the risk of atopic diseases (39)(40)(41). For example, a higher concentration of vitamin C in breast milk is associated with a reduced risk of AD in infants (ORs0.30, 95% CI 0.09-0.94) (42). Further studies to identify potential interactions between dietary antioxidant intake and GSTP1 genotype in the risk of AD are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of glutathione-S-transferase polymorphisms with atopic dermatitis risk in preschool age children

Chung

Shin

2009

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Background: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes are critical for detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their products which have been implicated in the pathology of inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods:We investigated the effects of genetic polymorphisms of GST on the risk of AD in preschool age children. Biomarkers for oxidative stress were also evaluated with respect to GST genotype. Results: The GSTP1 Val105 allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of AD wodds ratio (OR)s1.62, p-0.05x. The combination of the GSTP1 Val105 allele and the GSTT1 null genotype further increased this risk by 2.3-fold (p-0.01). No association was observed for the GSTM1 null or GSTT1 null genotype alone. In children with AD, blood total antioxidant capacity was significantly less (p-0.001), while malondialdehyde was higher (ps0.12). Children with the GSTP1 Val105 allele had significantly lower concentrations of erythrocyte glutathione compared to GSTP1 Ile/Ile homozygotes (ps0.03). Conclusions: Our study suggests that the GSTP1 Val105 allele is an important determinant of susceptibility to AD in preschool age children and increased oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.

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“…However neither of these studies adjusted their results for potential confounders. In another unadjusted study [47], increased vitamin C concentration in atopic mothers' breast milk (attributed to dietary intake of vitamin C from fruit and vegetables during lactation) was associated with significantly reduced rates of eczema in their children.…”

Section: Observational Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Judging by occurrence of atopic eczema and positive skin prick testing, Hoppu [47] described a decreased risk of atopy at 1 year of age, with increasing vitamin C in breast milk -which reflected maternal intake of fruits and vegetables.…”

Section: Dietary Associations -Individual Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation affect outcomes in offspring? A systematic review of food-based approaches

2014

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Abstract:Objectives: To investigate the relationship between maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation and development of atopic disorders in childhood. Methods:We included studies published up to August 2011 which either assessed food-based maternal dietary interventions or examined associations between maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and/or lactation and allergic outcomes (eczema, asthma, hay fever and sensitization) in their children. Results:We included 43 studies (over 40 000 children): 11 intervention studies (including seven RCTs), 27 prospective cohort studies, four retrospective cohort studies and one case-control study.In the RCTs, no significant difference was noted overall in the prevalence of eczema and asthma in the offspring of women on diets free from common food allergens during pregnancy. The prospective cohorts investigated a large number of potential associations, but reported few significant associations between maternal dietary intake and development of allergy. Maternal diets rich in fruits and vegetables, fish and foods containing vitamin D and 'Mediterranean' dietary patterns were among the few consistent associations with lower risk of allergic disease in their children. Foods associated with higher risk included vegetable oils and margarine, nuts and fast food. Conclusion:This review did not find widespread or consistent links between mother's dietary intake and atopic outcomes in their children. However, maternal consumption of 'Mediterranean' dietary patterns, diets rich in fruits and vegetables, fish and vitamin D containing foods were suggestive of benefit, requiring further evaluation.

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Vitamin C in breast milk may reduce the risk of atopy in the infant

Cited by 73 publications

References 29 publications

Introduction of Complementary Foods and the Relationship to Food Allergy

Introduction of Complementary Foods and the Relationship to Food Allergy

Association of glutathione-S-transferase polymorphisms with atopic dermatitis risk in preschool age children

Does maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation affect outcomes in offspring? A systematic review of food-based approaches

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