Vitamin B6 Depletion in Man: Urinary Excretion of Quinolinic Acid and Niacin Metabolites

Brown, R. R.; Yess, Norma; Price, J. M.; Linkswiler, Hellen; Swan, Patricia B.; Hankes, L. V.

doi:10.1093/jn/87.4.419

Cited by 59 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The fact that B6 defi ciency causes reduction in niacin and niacin derivatives in the urine (Henderson et al, 1962;Snyderman et al, 1953;Vilter, 1955;Brown et al, 1965) substan tiates it. The presence of nicotinic acid contributes to trap methyl groups and is in competition with dimethyloxyphenylethylamine, a known psychogenic sub stance.…”

Section: N-methy ¡Nicotinamidementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pyridoxine on Mice after Immobilization Stress

Lindenbaum¹,

Mueller²

1974

Ann Nutr Metab

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A group of 28 female albino mice, CF-1 strain, 3–6 weeks old, were injected with 1.11mg/kg body weight pyridoxine, and subsequently were restrained for 24 h in individual restraining cages. One half was sacrificed immediately after release and the other half 24 h later. A control group of 28 mice were injected with an equal volume of distilled water and restrained and sacrificed in a similar manner. A third group of 14 untreated mice was also used as control. The pyridoxine groups exhibited an increase in blood glucose levels, in urinary N methylnicotinamide and in brain norepinephrine, while brain serotonin levels remained unchanged. In addition, pyridoxine was found to be protective against ulcers of stomach mucosa. Thus pyridoxine may have an antistress factor as manifested by its regulatory effect on methylation related to production of psychogenic substances such as dimethyloxyphenylethylamine. There is an indication of a possible action of pyridoxine in blocking symptoms of stress.

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Section: N-methy ¡Nicotinamidementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pyridoxine on Mice after Immobilization Stress

Lindenbaum¹,

Mueller²

1974

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…This pathway is influenced by inflammatory conditions (23)(24)(25), cancer (26), pregnancy (27,28), and oral contraceptive usage (28)(29)(30)(31)(32) as well as insufficiency of cellular PLP (33)(34)(35). The major pathway of tryptophan oxidation to N-formylkynurenine exists in liver and is catalyzed by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) (22,36).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Profile Analysis Reveals Functional Effects of 28-Day Vitamin B-6 Restriction on One-Carbon Metabolism and Tryptophan Catabolic Pathways in Healthy Men and Women

Silva

Rios‐Avila

Lamers

et al. 2013

The Journal of Nutrition

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Suboptimal vitamin B-6 status, as reflected by low plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentration, is associated with increased risk of vascular disease. PLP plays many roles, including in one-carbon metabolism for the acquisition and transfer of carbon units and in the transsulfuration pathway. PLP also serves as a coenzyme in the catabolism of tryptophan. We hypothesize that the pattern of these metabolites can provide information reflecting the functional impact of marginal vitamin B-6 deficiency. We report here the concentration of major constituents of one-carbon metabolic processes and the tryptophan catabolic pathway in plasma from 23 healthy men and women before and after a 28-d controlled dietary vitamin B-6 restriction (<0.35 mg/d). liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the compounds relevant to one-carbon metabolism showed that vitamin B-6 restriction yielded increased cystathionine (53% pre- and 76% postprandial; P < 0.0001) and serine (12% preprandial; P < 0.05), and lower creatine (40% pre- and postprandial; P < 0.0001), creatinine (9% postprandial; P < 0.05), and dimethylglycine (16% postprandial; P < 0.05) relative to the vitamin B-6-adequate state. In the tryptophan pathway, vitamin B-6 restriction yielded lower kynurenic acid (22% pre- and 20% postprandial; P < 0.01) and higher 3-hydroxykynurenine (39% pre- and 34% postprandial; P < 0.01). Multivariate ANOVA analysis showed a significant global effect of vitamin B-6 restriction and multilevel partial least squares-discriminant analysis supported this conclusion. Thus, plasma concentrations of creatine, cystathionine, kynurenic acid, and 3-hydroxykynurenine jointly reveal effects of vitamin B-6 restriction on the profiles of one-carbon and tryptophan metabolites and serve as biomarkers of functional effects of marginal vitamin B-6 deficiency.

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“…The techniques involved have been discussed by Price, Brown, and Yess (1965), and by Musajo and Benassi (1964), who also reviewed the published results obtained in a variety of diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aspects of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease: a review.

Rose¹

1972

J Clin Pathol

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In recent years, considerable interest has been developed in the effect of various diseases upon the metabolic pathway by which L-tryptophan is converted to nicotinic acid derivatives. As the list of diseases associated with abnormal tryptophan metabolism has grown, there has been mounting scepticism abc;ut the specificity and clinical significance of many of the observed changes. The aim of this article is to review some of the more recent developments which have taken place in the study of tryptophan metabolism in man, and to show that many of the reported abnormalities may have as their origin the influence of hormonal and nutritional factors upon the metabolic pathway. Recognition of these factors should help to distinguish between non-specific changes brought about by the metabolic response to the 'stress' of any severe illness, and abnormalities of tryptophan metabolism that are of pathological or clinical significance.Clinical research into tryptophan metabolism in man has been largely concerned with the levels of intermediate metabolites that are present in urine collected after the patient has received an oral dose of L-tryptophan. The techniques involved have been discussed by Price, Brown, and Yess (1965), and by Musajo and Benassi (1964), who also reviewed the published results obtained in a variety of diseases. Biochemistry of Tryptophan Metabolism and the Effect of HormonesThe steps involved in the biosynthesis of nicotinic acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine from L-tryptophan are summarized in Figure 1. Some of these enzymatic reactions require pyridoxal 5-phosphate, the coenzyme derived from the various forms of vitamin B6, as a cofactor. Impaired function of this coenzyme results in an elevated urinary excretion ofkynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and xanthurenic acid, apparently because the kynureninase which is responsible for the conversion of 3-hydroxykynurenine

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Vitamin B6 Depletion in Man: Urinary Excretion of Quinolinic Acid and Niacin Metabolites

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Pyridoxine on Mice after Immobilization Stress

Effects of Pyridoxine on Mice after Immobilization Stress

Metabolite Profile Analysis Reveals Functional Effects of 28-Day Vitamin B-6 Restriction on One-Carbon Metabolism and Tryptophan Catabolic Pathways in Healthy Men and Women

Aspects of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease: a review.

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