“…Less is known about potential regulatory roles of other vitamins, including those that function as true enzyme cofactors in the metabolic network. However, gene expression profiling in mammalian cells has revealed transcript-level responses to vitamins B1 (thiamine) ( Fraser et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2004 ) ( Tanaka et al, 2007 ), B2 (riboflavin) ( Nakano et al, 2011 ), B3 (nicotinamide/niacin) ( Choi et al, 2011 ; Couturier et al, 2014 ; Giammona et al, 2006 ), B6 (pyridoxal 5′ phosphate, PLP) ( Toya et al, 2012 ; Zhang et al, 2014 ), B9 (folic acid) ( Barua et al, 2014 ; Champier et al, 2012 ; Lin et al, 2011 ), C (ascorbic acid) ( Canali et al, 2014 ; Jun et al, 2011 ; Takahashi et al, 2014 ), and E (tocopherol/tocotrienols) ( Landrier et al, 2010 ; Makpol et al, 2013 ; Mustacich et al, 2009 ). The mechanisms behind, and consequences of, these observed vitamin-induced gene expression changes have yet to be elucidated.…”