Vitamin B12 as a potential compliance marker for fish intake

Abstract

Vitamin B12 may be suitable as a compliance marker for fish intake. Although selenium also met the criteria, the change in selenium serum concentrations was small compared to the change in vitamin B12 levels.

Efficacy of fish intake on vitamin D status: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…The planned amount of fish to be consumed varied from 300 to 1050 g/wk. In 6 studies the weekly fish intake was planned to be between 300 and 600 g (25, 26, 28, 34, 37; U Lehmann, unpublished data, 2012), whereas in 3 studies (27,35; OA Gudbrandsen, unpublished data, 2014) the intake was between 750 and 1050 g. The selected fish species differed between studies. The intake of fatty fish (salmon, herring) was investigated in 3 studies (25,34,35), whereas 4 studies compared both fatty and lean fish (cod, rainbow trout; 26, 28, 37; OA Gudbrandsen, unpublished data, 2014).…”

“…In 6 studies the weekly fish intake was planned to be between 300 and 600 g (25, 26, 28, 34, 37; U Lehmann, unpublished data, 2012), whereas in 3 studies (27,35; OA Gudbrandsen, unpublished data, 2014) the intake was between 750 and 1050 g. The selected fish species differed between studies. The intake of fatty fish (salmon, herring) was investigated in 3 studies (25,34,35), whereas 4 studies compared both fatty and lean fish (cod, rainbow trout; 26, 28, 37; OA Gudbrandsen, unpublished data, 2014). One study included rainbow trout in the fatty fish group (26), and 2 studies investigated rainbow trout that differed in either the feeding regimen (27) All of the studies were designed as RCTs and included a control group.…”

“…Only 1 study (U Lehmann, unpublished data, 2012) was double-blinded. Details of the randomization scheme and criteria were reported in 4 cases (27, 28; OA Gudbrandsen, unpublished data, 2014; U Lehmann, unpublished data, 2012), and 1 study had a crossover design (35). All of the studies provided general information on season of the intervention period, but an exact timing (month or season) of the blood collection procedures was usually not possible.…”

“…We included 3 long-term studies with an intervention period of 6 mo or 23 wk (25,28,34). Six studies (26,27,35,37; OA Gudbrandsen, unpublished data, 2014; U Lehmann, unpublished data, 2012) investigated the influence of shortterm fish intake (4-8 wk) on 25(OH)D concentrations. The planned amount of fish to be consumed varied from 300 to 1050 g/wk.…”

“…In observational studies (23,24) fish consumption was shown to have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, although it must be considered that these health effects could also be due to other constituents present in fish, such as long-chain n-3 PUFAs, amino acids, iodine, or selenium, in addition to vitamin D. The effects of short-to medium-term fish interventions on PUFAs (25)(26)(27)(28)30), blood lipids (25)(26)(27)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), vitamin B-12 and selenium status (28,35), insulin and leptin concentrations (29), eicosanoids and adhesion molecule concentrations (36), heart rate variability (25,34), and vitamin D status have been investigated in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) 13 (25-28, 34, 35, 37), but systematic studies of the extent to which fish consumption may contribute to dietary status or to biomarkers for nutrient uptake are lacking. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of fish consumption on vitamin D status has not been investigated systematically.…”