Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Status of Pregnant Indian Women and Cognitive Function in their 9-year-old Children

Bhate, Vidya; Deshpande, Swapna; Bhat, Dattatray; Joshi, Niranjan; Ladkat, Rasika; Watve, Sujala; Fall, Caroline; Jager, Celeste A. de; Refsum, Helga; Yajnik, Chittaranjan S.

doi:10.1177/156482650802900401

Cited by 124 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Two studies from India noted that a higher maternal vitamin B-12 status during pregnancy was associated with improved child cognitive outcomes and developmental indexes (43,45). One study from Mexico reported that inadequate maternal dietary intake of vitamin B-12 during pregnancy was associated with poorer developmental outcomes in their infants (50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were no differences between children in the lower vitamin B-12 and higher vitamin B-12 groups on scores on intelligence tests or visual agnosia in multivariate analyses adjusting for familial socioeconomic status and child sex, age, and anthropometric measures. The authors also reported associations between maternal plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations during pregnancy and attention in their children at 9 y of age (43). Lower maternal plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations during pregnancy were associated with a significantly lower attention span in children at 9 y of age than were higher maternal plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations (plasma vitamin B-12 <77.0 compared with >224.0 pM; mean 6 SD: 159.0 6 41.2 compared with 182.0 6 55.2 s; P < 0.05) in multivariate analyses adjusting for familial socioeconomic status and child sex, age, length, and weight (43).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The authors also reported associations between maternal plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations during pregnancy and attention in their children at 9 y of age (43). Lower maternal plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations during pregnancy were associated with a significantly lower attention span in children at 9 y of age than were higher maternal plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations (plasma vitamin B-12 <77.0 compared with >224.0 pM; mean 6 SD: 159.0 6 41.2 compared with 182.0 6 55.2 s; P < 0.05) in multivariate analyses adjusting for familial socioeconomic status and child sex, age, length, and weight (43). Another prospective cohort study from India studied the associations between mothers' plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations during pregnancy and cognitive outcomes in their children at 10 y of age (44).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Higher maternal vitamin B-12 status during pregnancy has been associated with improved measures of cognition in children later in life. A prospective analysis was conducted within the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study in India to examine the associations between mothers' plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations at 28 wk of gestation (plasma vitamin B-12 <77.0 pM compared with >224.0 pM) and cognitive outcomes in their children at 9 y of age (43). Children born to mothers with higher plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations during pregnancy performed significantly better in short-term memory tasks and Color Trail A and digit span backward tests than did children born to mothers with lower plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations (plasma vitamin B-12 >224.0 compared with <77.0 pM; P < 0.05) in multivariate analyses adjusting for familial socioeconomic status and child sex, age, weight, head circumference, and plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations (43).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin B-12 and Cognition in Children

Venkatramanan¹,

Armata²,

Strupp

et al. 2016

Advances in Nutrition

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Vitamin B-12 is essential for brain development, neural myelination, and cognitive function. Inadequate vitamin B-12 status during pregnancy and early childhood has been associated with adverse child health outcomes, including impaired cognitive development. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. This review was conducted to examine the evidence that links vitamin B-12 and cognition in children. The search strategy resulted in 17 studies: 3 cross-sectional, 1 case-control, and 12 cohort studies, and 1 randomized trial. Cognitive processes assessed included attention, memory, and perception. Developmental outcomes, academic performance, and intelligence quotient were also considered. Despite the high prevalence of vitamin B-12 insufficiency and associated risk of adverse cognitive outcomes in children, to our knowledge, no studies to date have been conducted to examine the effects of vitamin B-12 supplementation on cognition in children. The role of vitamin B-12 in the etiology of child cognitive outcomes needs to be elucidated to inform public health interventions. Adv Nutr 2016;7:879-88.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Vitamin B-12 and Cognition in Children

Venkatramanan¹,

Armata²,

Strupp

et al. 2016

Advances in Nutrition

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“…Data linking lower B 12 concentrations to greater adiposity, glucose intolerance and adult cognitive decline, and lower maternal B 12 status to insulin resistance and poorer cognitive function in children, come mainly from associations in observational studies (5,18,20,30,46) . However, supplementation with physiological doses of B 12 in a rural Indian population produced a marked fall in plasma homocysteine, suggesting functional benefit (47) .…”

Section: Implications Of the Dietary Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of food sources to the vitamin B₁₂ status of South Indian children from a birth cohort recruited in the city of Mysore

Christian

Krishnaveni

Kehoe

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: There is evidence that subclinical vitamin B 12 (B 12 ) deficiency is common in India. Vegetarianism is prevalent and therefore meat consumption is low. Our objective was to explore the contribution of B 12 -source foods and maternal B 12 status during pregnancy to plasma B 12 concentrations. Design: Maternal plasma B 12 concentrations were measured during pregnancy. Children's dietary intakes and plasma B 12 concentrations were measured at age 9·5 years; B 12 and total energy intakes were calculated using food composition databases. We used linear regression to examine associations between maternal B 12 status and children's intakes of B 12 and B 12 -source foods, and children's plasma B 12 concentrations. Setting: South Indian city of Mysore and surrounding rural areas. Subjects: Children from the Mysore Parthenon Birth Cohort (n 512, 47·1 % male). Results: Three per cent of children were B 12 deficient (<150 pmol/l). A further 14 % had 'marginal' B 12 concentrations (150-221 pmol/l). Children's total daily B 12 intake and consumption frequencies of meat and fish, and micronutrient-enriched beverages were positively associated with plasma B 12 concentrations (P = 0·006, P = 0·01 and P = 0·04, respectively, adjusted for socio-economic indicators and maternal B 12 status). Maternal pregnancy plasma B 12 was associated with children's plasma B 12 concentrations, independent of current B 12 intakes (P < 0·001). Milk and curd (yoghurt) intakes were unrelated to B 12 status. Conclusions: Meat and fish are important B 12 sources in this population. Micronutrient-enriched beverages appear to be important sources in our cohort, but their high sugar content necessitates care in their recommendation. Improving maternal B 12 status in pregnancy may improve Indian children's status. KeywordsIndia Vitamin B 12 Child Source Vitamin B 12 (B 12 ), or cobalamin, plays a key role in cellular metabolism and DNA synthesis (1) . It is produced in nature only by microbial synthesis and animal products are the principal dietary sources for man. Uncooked plant-based foods contaminated with B 12 -synthesising bacteria, and fermented foods, may also be important sources (2,3) . In India, vegetarian diets have been associated with an increased risk of B 12 deficiency and a high prevalence of B 12 deficiency has been attributed to low meat intakes for religious or economic reasons (2,4) . Prevalence rates of deficiency of 47-71 % have been reported among adults (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) . There is no standard definition of deficiency among children and there is a paucity of data on B 12 status among Indian children. However, recent studies using adult cut-offs have reported that 2-44 % of infants and school-age children are deficient (10)(11)(12)(13)(14) . A study in Pune, India showed normal B 12 absorption in the majority (90 %) of individuals studied (15) . Severe B 12 deficiency, as seen in pernicious anaemia, is characterised by megaloblastic anaemia and/or neurological dysfunction. However, subclinical cobalamin defici...

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Beneficial effects of omega‐3 fatty acids and vitamin B₁₂ supplementation on brain docosahexaenoic acid, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and cognitive performance in the second‐generation Wistar rats

et al. 2015

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In vegetarian population, vitamin B12 deficiency coexists with suboptimal levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Studies indicate a need for supplementation/fortification of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids to reduce the risk of brain disorders. We have described the effects of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on brain development in F1 generation animals. The current study investigates the effects of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on brain function and cognition. Pregnant Wistar rats were assigned the following groups: control, vitamin B12 deficient (BD), vitamin B12 deficient + omega-3 fatty acid (BDO), vitamin B12 supplemented (BS), vitamin B12 supplemented + omega-3 fatty acid (BSO). The same diets were continued for two generations. BDO group showed higher (P < 0.05) levels of BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in the cortex and hippocampus as compared with the BD group. The cognitive performance was also normalized in this group. BS showed comparable levels of DHA, BDNF (protein and mRNA), and CREB mRNA (cAMP response element-binding protein) to that of control group while Tropomyosin receptor kinase mRNA levels were higher. The combined vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation further enhanced the levels of DHA (P < 0.05) and BDNF (P < 0.05) in the hippocampus and CREB mRNA (P < 0.01) in the cortex as compared with BS group. The cognitive performance of these animals was higher (P < 0.05) as compared with BS group. Our data indicates the beneficial effects of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation across two generations on brain development and function.

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Vitamin B₁₂ Status of Pregnant Indian Women and Cognitive Function in their 9-year-old Children

Abstract: Maternal vitamin B12 status in pregnancy influences cognitive function in offspring.

Cited by 124 publications

References 27 publications

Vitamin B-12 and Cognition in Children

Vitamin B-12 and Cognition in Children

Contribution of food sources to the vitamin B₁₂ status of South Indian children from a birth cohort recruited in the city of Mysore

Beneficial effects of omega‐3 fatty acids and vitamin B₁₂ supplementation on brain docosahexaenoic acid, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and cognitive performance in the second‐generation Wistar rats

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Vitamin B12 Status of Pregnant Indian Women and Cognitive Function in their 9-year-old Children

Abstract: Maternal vitamin B12 status in pregnancy influences cognitive function in offspring.

Cited by 124 publications

References 27 publications

Vitamin B-12 and Cognition in Children

Vitamin B-12 and Cognition in Children

Contribution of food sources to the vitamin B12 status of South Indian children from a birth cohort recruited in the city of Mysore

Beneficial effects of omega‐3 fatty acids and vitamin B12 supplementation on brain docosahexaenoic acid, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and cognitive performance in the second‐generation Wistar rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Vitamin B₁₂ Status of Pregnant Indian Women and Cognitive Function in their 9-year-old Children

Contribution of food sources to the vitamin B₁₂ status of South Indian children from a birth cohort recruited in the city of Mysore

Beneficial effects of omega‐3 fatty acids and vitamin B₁₂ supplementation on brain docosahexaenoic acid, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and cognitive performance in the second‐generation Wistar rats