Vitamin and Nutritional Status of a Part Aboriginal Community

Kamien, Max; Nobilet, S.; Cameron, Pat; Rosevear, Pam

doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1974.tb03161.x

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As in previous studies in Aboriginal communities, inJune 1989 many Minjilang adults had low serum vitamin Bs, ascorbic acid and ~-carotene levels rela tive to reference standards, but there was no evi dence of low vitamin A status and most adults had consistently high plasma retinol relative to the refer ence range.~-I. [27][28][29] In line with the high intake of diet ary fat and high serum cholesterol concentrations described, the plasma concentrations of (/. tocopherol were higher at Minjilang than in other Aboriginal groups.…”

Section: Biological Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Survival tucker: improved diet and health indicators in an Aboriginal community

Lee

Bailey

Yarmirr

et al. 1994

Australian Journal of Public Health

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The poor nutritional status of Aboriginal Australians is a serious and complex public health concern. We describe an unusually successful health and nutrition project initiated by the people of Minjilang, which was developed, implemented and evaluated with the community. Apparent community dietary intake, assessed by the ‘store‐turnover’ method, and biochemical, anthropometric and haematological indicators of health and nutritional status were measured before intervention and at three‐monthly intervals during the intervention year. Following intervention, there was a significant decrease in dietary intake of sugar and saturated fat, an increase in micronutrient density, corresponding improvements in biochemical indices (for example, a 12 per cent decrease in mean serum cholesterol, increases in serum and red cell folate, serum vitamin B6 and plasma ascorbic acid), decrease in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures, a normalisation of body mass index, and a normalisation of haematologic indices. The success of this project demonstrates that Aboriginal communities can bring about improvements in their generally poor nutritional status, and that the store‐turnover method provides a valid, inexpensive and noninvasive method for evaluating the resultant changes in community diet. Although the project was undoubtedly effective in the short term, further work is in progress to assess individual strategies with respect to sustainability, cost‐effectiveness and generalisability.

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Section: Biological Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Survival tucker: improved diet and health indicators in an Aboriginal community

Lee

Bailey

Yarmirr

et al. 1994

Australian Journal of Public Health

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“…Likewise, similar patterns emerged among aboriginal Australians who transitioned from a traditional foraging economy to a more settled village lifestyle in Aboriginal Lands Trust communities. Before transition, populations consuming a diet composed of predominantly wild foods had low levels of micronutrient deficiencies (O'Dea, Naughton, Sinclair, Rabuco, & Smith , ), compared to post‐transition, where the sample population was characterized by micronutrient deficiencies in folate, iron, and vitamins A, E, and B12 (Davis, Smith, & Curnow, ; Kamien, Nobilet, Cameron, & Rosevear, ; Kamien et al, ). More recent data on dietary transition now point to increased rates of insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular risk (Cameron et al, ; Dunstan et al, ; Leonard et al, ; O'Dea, ; ).…”

Section: Forager Nutrition Health and Human Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current views on hunter‐gatherer nutrition and the evolution of the human diet

Crittenden

Schnorr

2017

American J Phys Anthropol

133

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Diet composition and food choice are not only central to the daily lives of all living people, but are consistently linked with turning points in human evolutionary history. As such, scholars from a wide range of fields have taken great interest in the role that subsistence has played in both human cultural and biological evolution. Central to this discussion is the diet composition and nutrition of contemporary hunters and gatherers, who are frequently conscripted as model populations for ancestral human nutrition. Research among the world's few remaining foraging populations is experiencing a resurgence, as they are making the final transition away from diets composed of wild foods, to those dominated by domesticated cultigens and/or processed foods.In an effort to glean as much information as possible, before such populations are no longer hunting and gathering, researchers interested in the evolution of human nutrition are rapidly collecting and accessing new and more data. Methods of scientific inquiry are in the midst of rapid change and scholars are able to revisit long-standing questions using state of the art analyses. Here, using the most relevant findings from studies in ethnography, nutrition, human physiology, and microbiomes, we provide a brief summary of the study of the evolution of human nutrition as it has specifically pertained to data coming from living hunter-gatherers. In doing so, we hope to bridge the disciplines that are currently invested in research on nutrition and health among foraging populations. K E Y W O R D Sdiet composition, forager, gut microbiome, human evolution, nutrition | I N T R O D U C T I O NDiet composition and food choice are indisputably a core facet in all human societies. Changes in diet are routinely associated with watershed moments in human evolution-such as tool making, brain expansion, family formation, cooperation, and even increased longevity (Aiello & Wheeler, 1995; Lee & DeVore, 1968;Wrangham, 2009). In the not-too-distant past, before industrialization, the rise of the middle class, and the development of market economies, procuring and preparing enough food to feed one's self and one's family occupied a significant portion of daily labor. In contemporary unindustrialized small-scale societies, this is still largely the case (Hawkes et al., 1997;Marlowe, 2010;Wood & Marlowe, 2013). Appropriately, anthropologists take great interest in the role that food and diet have had in human biological and cultural evolution (Messer, 1984). The old proverbs, "you are what you eat" and "tell me what you eat and I'll tell you what you are" (Brillat-Savarin, 1862) speak about food not only as a physical embodiment of the environment, but also as a means of social identity and symbolic construction of culture. Naturally, these are anthropological dialogues, but at their core, they speak the language of many fields of biology. In order for scholars interested in the evolution of the human diet to integrate work from various disciplines, a collective conversation ...

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“…15 Rural Aboriginal children under three and women of child bearing age had vitamin deficiencies, with growth retardation occurring in 23 per cent of the children sur veyed. 16 In this study, detailed analyses of individuals found many to be deficient in kilojoule intake, calcium, iron, and vitamins C, B1, B2, B6, and E. 28 Others, examining the prevalence of hyperinsulinaemia, reported significantly higher insulin levels in Aboriginals than non-Aboriginals. 29 Many studies have shown that the frequency of diabetes is significantly higher in Abori gi n e s compared with Australians of Caucasian origin.…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 70%

A brief review of indigenous Australian health as it impacts on oral health

Martin-Iverson

Phatouros

Tennant

1999

Australian Dental Journal

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The indigenous population of Australia constitutes approximately 2 per cent of the total population. This group has faced significant cultural, economic and health changes since European settlement some 200 years ago. In this brief review some of the health changes that have influenced the oral health status of this community have been examined. Of major importance is the dietary change that the once nomadic indigenous community has undergone. To d a y 's Western diet, high in sugar, low in proteins and vitamins, has resulted in a significant increase in the risk (and prevalence) of caries and periodontal disease. In addition, the high prevalence of diabetes also exacerbates the periodontal problem. The remoteness of a significant proportion of Australian indigenous communities from modern health care services and limited access to fluoridation increases the incidence of oral disease. It is also noted that the incidence of rheumatic heart disease is one of the highest in the world, thereby increasing the risk of bacterial endocarditis. It is clear that indigenous communities have unique oral health needs but the extent of these needs is not well documented. It is important that more research be undertaken to assess these needs so that appropriate oral health programmes can be developed.

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Vitamin and Nutritional Status of a Part Aboriginal Community

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Survival tucker: improved diet and health indicators in an Aboriginal community

Survival tucker: improved diet and health indicators in an Aboriginal community

Current views on hunter‐gatherer nutrition and the evolution of the human diet

A brief review of indigenous Australian health as it impacts on oral health

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