Vitamin A

Solomons, Noel W.

doi:10.1002/9781119946045.ch11

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 240 publications

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“…In Cynomolgus monkeys, no adverse effects were observed when oral doses of lutein up to 35 μmol/kg body weight per day were given for 52 weeks [ 37 ]. Additionally, no adverse effects of lutein have been reported in humans [ 38 ] and no tolerable upper intake levels for lutein have been established by the Institute of Medicine. The supplement, in the form of gelatin beadlets containing unesterified lutein and zeaxanthin in a starch-based matrix (DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.), was mixed into various preferred treats such as marshmallow, peanut butter, or chocolate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lutein accumulates in subcellular membranes of brain regions in adult rhesus macaques: Relationship to DHA oxidation products

et al. 2017

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ObjectivesLutein, a carotenoid with anti-oxidant functions, preferentially accumulates in primate brain and is positively related to cognition in humans. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is also beneficial for cognition, but is susceptible to oxidation. The present study characterized the membrane distribution of lutein in brain regions important for different domains of cognitive function and determined whether membrane lutein was associated with brain PUFA oxidation.MethodsAdult rhesus monkeys were fed a stock diet (~2 mg/day lutein or ~0.5 μmol/kg body weight/day) (n = 9) or the stock diet plus a daily supplement of lutein (~4.5 mg/day or~1 μmol/kg body weight/day) and zeaxanthin (~0.5 mg/day or 0.1 μmol/kg body weight/day) for 6–12 months (n = 4). Nuclear, myelin, mitochondrial, and neuronal plasma membranes were isolated using a Ficoll density gradient from prefrontal cortex (PFC), cerebellum (CER), striatum (ST), and hippocampus (HC). Carotenoids, PUFAs, and PUFA oxidation products were measured using HPLC, GC, and LC-GC/MS, respectively.ResultsAll-trans-lutein (ng/mg protein) was detected in all regions and membranes and was highly variable among monkeys. Lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation significantly increased total concentrations of lutein in serum, PFC and CER, as well as lutein in mitochondrial membranes and total DHA concentrations in PFC only (P<0.05). In PFC and ST, mitochondrial lutein was inversely related to DHA oxidation products, but not those from arachidonic acid (P <0.05).DiscussionThis study provides novel data on subcellular lutein accumulation and its relationship to DHA oxidation in primate brain. These findings support the hypothesis that lutein may be associated with antioxidant functions in the brain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lutein accumulates in subcellular membranes of brain regions in adult rhesus macaques: Relationship to DHA oxidation products

et al. 2017

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“…Vitamin A plays an important role in growth, epithelial differentiation, sight, immune function and reproduction. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) has clinical and functional manifestations, and xerophthalmia is the characteristic sign of clinical deficiency .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal supplementation with a megadose of vitamin A reduces colostrum level of α‐tocopherol: a randomised controlled trial

Grilo

Medeiros

Silva

et al. 2016

J Human Nutrition Diet

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“…Carrots are the seventh most consumed fresh vegetable in the United States, with an annual per capita consumption of 3.9 kg [ USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) 2016 ] and a production value of $762 million USD in 2015 ( USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) 2016 ). In the US, the high α- and β-carotene content in carrots is a leading source of dietary provitamin A ( Block 1994 ; Simon et al 2009 ), which is essential for healthy immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication ( Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board 2001 ; Johnson and Russel 2004 ; Solomons 2012 ). Despite the economic and dietary importance of carrots, crop establishment and productivity remain limited by erratic germination, slow seedling growth, and delayed canopy closure ( Rubatzky et al 1999 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dissecting the Genetic Architecture of Shoot Growth in Carrot (Daucus carotaL.) Using a Diallel Mating Design

Turner

Maurizio

Valdar

et al. 2018

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Crop establishment in carrot (Daucus carota L.) is limited by slow seedling growth and delayed canopy closure, resulting in high management costs for weed control. Varieties with improved growth habit (i.e., larger canopy and increased shoot biomass) may help mitigate weed control, but the underlying genetics of these traits in carrot is unknown. This project used a diallel mating design coupled with recent Bayesian analytical methods to determine the genetic basis of carrot shoot growth. Six diverse carrot inbred lines with variable shoot size were crossed in WI in 2014. F1 hybrids, reciprocal crosses, and parental selfs were grown in a randomized complete block design with two blocks in WI (2015) and CA (2015, 2016). Measurements included canopy height, canopy width, shoot biomass, and root biomass. General and specific combining abilities were estimated using Griffing’s Model I, which is a common analysis for plant breeding experiments. In parallel, additive, inbred, cross-specific, and maternal effects were estimated from a Bayesian mixed model, which is robust to dealing with data imbalance and outliers. Both additive and nonadditive effects significantly influenced shoot traits, with nonadditive effects playing a larger role early in the growing season, when weed control is most critical. Results suggest the presence of heritable variation and thus potential for improvement of these phenotypes in carrot. In addition, results present evidence of heterosis for root biomass, which is a major component of carrot yield.

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Vitamin A

Cited by 17 publications

References 240 publications

Lutein accumulates in subcellular membranes of brain regions in adult rhesus macaques: Relationship to DHA oxidation products

Lutein accumulates in subcellular membranes of brain regions in adult rhesus macaques: Relationship to DHA oxidation products

Maternal supplementation with a megadose of vitamin A reduces colostrum level of α‐tocopherol: a randomised controlled trial

Dissecting the Genetic Architecture of Shoot Growth in Carrot (Daucus carotaL.) Using a Diallel Mating Design

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