Vitamin A supplements, fried foods, fat and urothelial cancer. A case‐referent study in Stockholm in 1985–87

Abstract

In a population-based case-referent study of urothelial cancer in Stockholm during 1985-87, information was obtained from 78% of 418 identified cases and 77% of 511 selected referents. The relative risk (with 95% confidence interval) for intake of vitamin A supplements was 0.5 (0.2-1.0), with a dose-response relationship with increasing frequency of consumption. Increased risks of urothelial cancer were seen for several fried foods, for example fried meat [relative risk 1.4 (1.0-1.8) for weekly intake] and fried potatoes [relative risk 1.6 (1.1-2.6) for weekly intake]. Subjects with a high intake of fried foods, as defined by a collapsed variable, had a relative risk of 2.4 (1.4-4.2). A dose-response relationship was also seen with an increasing average daily intake of fat [relative risk 1.7 (1.0-2.8) in the highest quintile], but adjusting for fried foods decreased the relative risk, and it is uncertain whether the adjustment allowed for residual confounding. No association was noted for meat other than fried, but the analysis was based on small numbers.

Bladder cancer prevention

“…This is mostly due to the lack of adequate epidemiological data. Studies conducted in the 1990s in Spain and Sweden found a direct link between the consumption of saturated fatty acids of animal origin and a greater risk of bladder cancer [34,35]. Similar findings were obtained in Belgian studies, which also confirmed that a Mediterranean diet (rich in olive oil) plays an important role in reducing the incidence of the disease [36].…”

Role of fried foods and oral/pharyngeal and oesophageal cancers

“…Other studies found a positive association between fried foods and laryngeal (Bosetti et al, 2002), breast (Dai et al, 2002), lung (Sinha et al, 1998), pancreatic (Anderson et al, 2002) and lower urinary tract (Steineck et al, 1990) cancers.…”

Prognostic Impact of Comorbidity in Patients with Bladder Cancer

“…Urothelial cancer is strongly associated with smoking and increased dietary fat [8,9]. Because these are factors that predispose to other medical conditions, including cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and pulmonary disease, it is not surprising that patients with urothelial cancer often have significant comorbidities [10].…”