Vitamin A status and therapy in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis

Hanekom, Willem A.; Potgieter, S; Hughes, Elizabeth J.; Malan, H; Kessow, Glynnis; Hussey, Gregory

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(97)70046-5

Cited by 48 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Low blood concentrations of zinc (Bogden et al, 1977;Sharda and Bhandari, 1977;Niculescu et al, 1981;Ahmad et al, 1985;Sinha et al, 1985;Pant et al, 1987;Taneja, 1990;Ray et al, 1998;Karyadi et al, 2000) and retinol (Hanekom et al, 1997;Rwangabwoba et al, 1998;Karyadi et al, 2000;Madebo et al, 2003) and high concentrations of copper (Bogden et al, 1977;Niculescu et al, 1981;Ahmad et al, 1985;Sinha et al, 1985) have all been reported previously in patients with PTB. PTB is caused by an infection that triggers a strong APR (Shenkin, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…TB is strongly associated with malnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, although the roles that specific micronutrients play remain unclear. Although patients with TB often have vitamin-A deficiency (Hanekom et al, 1997;Rwangabwoba et al, 1998;Karyadi et al, 2000;Madebo et al, 2003), there is no evidence that vitamin-A supplementation improves the outcome in children treated for TB (Hanekom et al, 1997). Hypozincaemia has also been well documented in TB (Bogden et al, 1977;Sharda and Bhandari, 1977;Niculescu et al, 1981;Ahmad et al, 1985;Sinha et al, 1985;Pant et al, 1987;Taneja, 1990;Ray et al, 1998;Karyadi et al, 2000), and TB patients given zinc supplements were found to have better outcomes than those not given the supplements (Pant et al, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Relationships between serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and micronutrients, in patients with tuberculosis

Koyanagi

Kuffo

Gresely³

et al. 2004

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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Studies on the serum concentrations of micronutrients in tuberculosis (TB), and their relationship to the acute-phase response (APR), are scarce. The serum concentrations of zinc, copper, selenium and vitamins A and E in 46 smear-positive cases of pulmonary TB (PTB) from Ecuador were therefore compared with those in 10 healthy Ecuadorian volunteers, and the correlations between these concentrations and the serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. Compared with the healthy volunteers, the PTB cases had significantly lower serum concentrations of zinc, retinol and selenium and significantly higher serum concentrations of copper. Both groups had moderately high concentrations of selenium in their sera. The PTB cases who had >50 mg CRP/ litre (a concentration indicative of an APR) had lower serum concentrations of retinol and zinc than the cases with lower CRP concentrations. In patients with PTB, hypozincaemia and hyporetinolaemia are strongly associated with the APR. It is therefore necessary to consider the extent of activation of the APR when interpreting serum micronutrient concentrations in patients with TB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and micronutrients, in patients with tuberculosis

Koyanagi

Kuffo

Gresely³

et al. 2004

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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“…The effect of vitamin A supplementation on tuberculosis outcomes was studied in a clinical trial among hospitalized children who received 200,000 IU vitamin A during two consecutive days or a placebo (56). No effects were found on radiological or other outcomes after 3 months.…”

Section: Vitamin a Supplementation And Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Vitamin A Supplementation on Immune Responses and Correlation with Clinical Outcomes

2005

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Vitamin A supplementation to preschool children is known to decrease the risks of mortality and morbidity from some forms of diarrhea, measles, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and malaria. These effects are likely to be the result of the actions of vitamin A on immunity. Some of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of vitamin A have been described in clinical trials and can be correlated with clinical outcomes of supplementation. The effects on morbidity from measles are related to enhanced antibody production and lymphocyte proliferation. Benefits for severe diarrhea could be attributable to the functions of vitamin A in sustaining the integrity of mucosal epithelia in the gut, whereas positive effects among HIV-infected children could also be related to increased T-cell lymphopoiesis. There is no conclusive evidence for a direct effect of vitamin A supplementation on cytokine production or lymphocyte activation. Under certain circumstances, vitamin A supplementation to infants has the potential to improve the antibody response to some vaccines, including tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and measles. There is limited research on the effects of vitamin A supplementation to adults and the elderly on their immune function; currently available data provide no consistent evidence for beneficial effects. Additional studies with these age groups are needed

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“…Vitamin A deficiency causes impairment of mucosal immunity and impairment of neutrophil, NK cell, helper T cell and B cell functions (8). In human studies, treatment with vitamin A has been shown to reduce mortality of infectious diseases including tuberculosis (13), measles (14), malaria (15) and HIV/AIDS (16). Thus, vitamin A is crucial for immune cell function and prevention of infectious diseases (8).…”

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confidence: 99%