Vitamin A Regulation of Viral Growth

Ghazal, Peter; LeBlanc, James F.; Angulo, Ana

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1654(199704)7:1<21::aid-rmv179>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Retinoids (vitamin A derivatives) have a diverse array of actions including potent modulation of keratinocyte proliferation as well as immunomodulatory properties. Antineoplastic effects of retinoids have been noted in HPV‐driven tumors, and these effects are thought to be due to direct effects on E6/E7 viral gene expression . Acitretin is used off label for recalcitrant verruca .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human polyomavirus-7–associated eruption successfully treated with acitretin

Canavan

Baddley

Pavlidakey

et al. 2018

American Journal of Transplantation

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Advances in molecular technologies have led to the discovery of several novel human polyomaviruses (HPyVs), including human polyomavirus-7 (HPyV-7). Although low levels of HPyV-7 are shed from apparently normal skin, recent reports have described clinically significant cutaneous infection in immunocompromised patients that manifests as generalized pruritic plaques. The pruritus can be severe, and treatment options have not been described. Herein we report HPyV-7 cutaneous infection in a heart transplant patient who experienced temporary improvement with intravenous cidofovir, and complete remission with acitretin. We report a case of HPyV-7 cutaneous infection demonstrating a good response to treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human polyomavirus-7–associated eruption successfully treated with acitretin

Canavan

Baddley

Pavlidakey

et al. 2018

American Journal of Transplantation

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“…Retinoic acid plays an essential role in the differentiation of epithelial cells and participates in the regulation of several viruses. 48 For instance, treatment of undifferentiated human embryonal carcinoma cells with retinoic acid enhances susceptibility to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. 49 EBV can infect cells in either a latent or lytic form, and the lytic form of EBV replication is closely linked to epithelial cell differentiation.…”

Section: Retinoic Acid and Ebvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria, Epstein–Barr virus infection and the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma

Mawson

Majumdar

2017

Intl Journal of Cancer

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A geographical and causal connection has long been recognized between malaria, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Potential clues are that the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum selectively absorbs vitamin A from the host and depends on it for its biological activities; secondly, alterations in vitamin A (retinoid) metabolism have been implicated in many forms of cancer, including BL. The first author has proposed that the merozoite-stage malaria parasite, emerging from the liver, uses its absorbed vitamin A as a cell membrane destabilizer to invade the red blood cells, causing anemia and other signs and symptoms of the disease as manifestations of an endogenous form of hypervitaminosis A (Mawson AR, Path Global Health 2013;107(3):122-9). Repeated episodes of malaria would therefore be expected to expose the tissues of affected individuals to potentially toxic doses of vitamin A. It is proposed that such episodes activate latent EBV infection, which in turn activates retinoid-responsive genes. Expression of these genes enhances viral replication and induces germinal center (GC) B cell expansion, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression, and c-myc translocation, which in turn predisposes to BL. Thus, an endogenous form of retinoid toxicity related to malaria infection may be the common factor linking frequent malaria, EBV infection and BL, whereby prolonged exposure of lymphatic tissues to high concentrations of retinoids may combine to induce B-cell translocation and increase the risk of Burkitt's lymphoma.

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“…Consistent with the role of retinoic acid in cell growth and differentiation, viral growth is also regulated in part by vitamin A [129]. A number of virus infections are known to be in�uenced in complex ways by retinoids.…”

Section: Viral Activity Is Regulated In Part By Retinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of virus infections are known to be in�uenced in complex ways by retinoids. For instance, when different cell lines are infected with human cytomegalovirus (hCMV), exposure of the cells to retinoic acid (RA) enhances viral gene expression and susceptibility to infection [129]. RA also reactivates CMV expression in latently infected glioblastoma cells in tissue culture [130].…”

Section: Viral Activity Is Regulated In Part By Retinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Fat-Soluble Vitamins A and D in the Pathogenesis of Influenza: A New Perspective

Mawson

2013

ISRN Infectious Diseases

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Reduced exposure to solar radiation, leading to a de�ciency of vitamin D and hence impaired innate immunity, has been suggested as a trigger for in�uen�a viral replication and as an explanation of seasonal in�uen�a. Although this hypothesis accounts for many unexplained facts about the epidemiology of in�uen�a, gaps remain in understanding the pathogenesis and manifestations of the disease. Several observations suggest a role for vitamin A compounds (retinoids) in the disease. is paper presents a new model of the etiopathogenesis of in�uen�a, suggesting that host resistance and susceptibility depend importantly on the ratio of vitamin D to vitamin A activity. Retinoid concentrations within normal physiological limits appear to inhibit in�uen�a pathogenesis whereas higher background concentrations (i.e., very low vitamin D : A ratios) increase the risk of severe complications of the disease. ere is also evidence that in�uen�a-induced or preexisting liver disease, diabetes, and obesity worsen the severity of infection, possibly via liver dysfunction and alterations in retinoid metabolism. e model could be tested by determining the presence of retinoids in the secretions of patients with in�uen�a and by studies of retinoid pro�les in patients and controls. Potential strategies for prevention and treatment are discussed.

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Vitamin A Regulation of Viral Growth

Cited by 8 publications

References 63 publications

Human polyomavirus-7–associated eruption successfully treated with acitretin

Human polyomavirus-7–associated eruption successfully treated with acitretin

Malaria, Epstein–Barr virus infection and the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma

Role of Fat-Soluble Vitamins A and D in the Pathogenesis of Influenza: A New Perspective

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