Vitamin A in Swine Nutrition

Darroch, C. S.

doi:10.1201/9781420041842.ch13

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Therefore, an adequate amount of antioxidants are important, as well as positively interfering with the immune response, promoting the neutralisation of free radicals, which have been associated with aging, damage and cell death in animals and humans (Darroch 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carotenoids are antioxidants and one of the external factors that may affect the immune system (Pechinskii and Kuregyan 2014), showing a broad spectrum of biological effects and acts as immunomodulator, also affects the function of T and B cells, induces differentiation and inhibit the proliferation of some cells (Darroch 2001) and are able to affect humoural and cellular immunity (Zhao et al 2016). Lycopene is a carotenoid that shows an expressive sequestering ability of singlet oxygen, possibly due to its two unconjugated double bonds, providing a higher reactivity than other carotenoids (Shami and Moreira 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lycopene affects the immune responses of finishing pigs

Fachinello

Fernandes

Souto

et al. 2017

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate dietary lycopene levels on the immune responses of finishing pigs. Forty barrows and 40 gilts, averaging 75.04 ± 1.6 kg of initial weight, were allotted in a randomised blocks design arranged in a 2 Â 5 factorial scheme, consisting of two sexes (males and females) and five lycopene levels (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, 50.0 mg/kg of diet). The studied parameters were submitted to the statistical analysis adopting 5% significance. Increasing lycopene in pig diets increased the plasma albumin (p ¼ .023). There was no interaction (p > .05) between sex and lycopene on the leukocyte profile or haematocrit concentration. As lycopene levels increased in the diet, the lymphocyte concentration increased linearly (p ¼ .045). The neutrophil concentration and the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were affected (p < .05) by dietary lycopene levels, showing a lower neutrophils concentration at 17.49 mg lycopene/kg of diet, and the lowest neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio was observed at 16.46 mg/kg. Eosinophils were also affected (p ¼ .050) by lycopene supplementation, estimating the greater response by adding 22.69 mg lycopene/kg of diet. There was an interaction (p ¼ .011) between the blood collection period and lycopene levels for anti-BSA IgG, resulting in higher production of anti-BSA IgG with the supplementation of up to 20.06 mg of lycopene/kg of diet. Dietary lycopene supplementation for finishing pigs affected the cellular and humoral immune response, and the highest anti-BSA IgG production was achieved by supplementing 20.06 mg lycopene/kg of diet. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lycopene affects the immune responses of finishing pigs

Fachinello

Fernandes

Souto

et al. 2017

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…Vitamin A is essential for vision, reproduction, growth, and development [1][2][3]. Vitamin A deficiency can result in blindness, incoordination, reproductive disorders, and reduced growth performance [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stability of Vitamin A from Different Sources in Vitamin Premixes and Vitamin-Trace Mineral Premixes

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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This study was conducted to investigate the stability of five commercial vitamin A products in vitamin premixes and vitamin-trace mineral premixes. The five commercial products used were: Xinhecheng, Zhejiang medicine, Kingdomway, DSM, and BASF. The vitamin A products were stored in three vitamin premixes (for suckling, weanling, and finishing pigs) or in vitamin-trace mineral (VTM) premixes (for suckling, weanling, and finishing pigs). Vitamin premixes were stored in an environmentally controlled chamber set at 25 °C and 60% humidity. The VTM premixes were stored at room temperature (approximately 22 °C). Sampling was performed on d 0, 90, 180, 270, and 360. Stability was reported as the residual vitamin A activity (% of initial) at each sampling point. For the stability of vitamin premixes, all interactive and main effects of storage time and vitamin A product were not significant. For the stability of VTM premixes, there was no significant interaction effects between storage time, vitamin A product and main effect of vitamin A product, but the main effect of storage time was significant (p < 0.01). In conclusion, a longer storage time reduced vitamin A activity in VTM premixes but there was no difference in the stability of commercially available vitamin A.

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“…These factors encompass elements such as the composition of their diet, their age, and their state of health ( 4 ). Commonly, when formulating diets, the inherent levels of vitamin A and carotenoids present in feed ingredients are often overlooked due to practical considerations ( 2 , 5 ). Instead, retinyl acetate is supplemented in the diet to fulfill the overall retinol requirement for animal nutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of vitamin A at critical points in pet-feed manufacturing and during premix storage

Galli,

Andretta,

Martinez

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The objective of this research was to assess and quantify the potential vitamin A losses that occur during the manufacturing of pet feed and premix, as well as during their extended storage periods. This trial was conducted at a commercial feeder mill that utilized a standard commercial dog feed along with a corresponding vitamin-mineral premix. The calculated amount of vitamin A supplemented in the feed, in addition to the endogenous vitamins present in the ingredients, was adjusted to 18,000 IU/kg of feed. Five 500 g feed samples were collected at each of the predefined critical points throughout the manufacturing process (after mixing, milling, preconditioner, and extrusion/drying processes) to verify the stability of vitamin A during feed production. Additionally, various samples were collected at regular intervals of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days during the storage of the premix to assess the stability of vitamin A. Vitamin A analyses in the samples were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The variables were assessed for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test, followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test to compare the differences between the manufacturing process and premix shelf life. The statistical significance was set at 95%. The vitamin losses during the pre-conditioning process were 26%, and during the extrusion-drying processes, the losses were 34% when compared to the initial analyzed value. However, no differences were observed in other processes. There were no significant differences observed in recovered vitamin levels in the premix during its shelf-life (p = 0.484). The study indicated that the primary vitamin A losses in pet feed manufacturing processes occur during the pre-conditioning and drying/extrusion steps. However, it is worth noting that no significant losses of vitamin A were found during the premix storage phase.

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Vitamin A in Swine Nutrition

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Lycopene affects the immune responses of finishing pigs

Lycopene affects the immune responses of finishing pigs

The Stability of Vitamin A from Different Sources in Vitamin Premixes and Vitamin-Trace Mineral Premixes

Stability of vitamin A at critical points in pet-feed manufacturing and during premix storage

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