Vitamin A deficiency and maternal-infant transmission of HIV in two metropolitan areas in the United States

Greenberg, Barbara; Semba, Richard D.; Vink, Peter; Farley, John; Sivapalasingam, Malathy; Steketee, Richard W.; Thea, Donald M.; Schoenbaum, Ellie E.

doi:10.1097/00002030-199703110-00010

Cited by 91 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…5;Semba et al 1994). Comparable results were observed in a similar study in two metropolitan areas in the USA (Greenberg et al 1997). These observations have given rise to several interventional trials, the results of which are still awaited.…”

Section: Micronutrients and Mother-to-child Transmission Of Human Immmentioning

confidence: 54%

Nutrition and immune function in human immunodeficiency virus infection

Macallan

1999

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The triad of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, nutritional status and immune function are intimately related, each factor having effects on the others. The dominant effect in this three-way relationship is the effect of HIV infection on nutritional status, an effect which, until the advent of potent anti-retroviral drugs, has been manifest primarily as wasting. Recently, more complex metabolic abnormalities have become apparent, particularly fat redistribution syndromes, hyperlipidaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. For the converse effect, the effect of nutritional state on HIV disease progression, there is good evidence that clinical outcome is poorer in individuals with compromised nutrition. However, the beneficial effects of nutritional support have been more difficult to demonstrate. For macronutrients, effective macronutrient supply improves survival in severely-malnourished individuals and may have beneficial effects in less-severely-affected individuals. Micronutrient deficiencies appear to be involved in modifying clinical HIV disease and may also be associated with enhanced mother-to-child transmission of virus, particularly in developing countries. Intervention trials in this setting are currently under way. In conclusion, the interaction of HIV infection and nutrition is of great importance not just because of the major impact that HIV infection has on nutritional state, but also because strategies to improve nutritional status, both quantitatively and qualitatively, may have a beneficial effect on the clinical and immunological course of the disease.

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Section: Micronutrients and Mother-to-child Transmission Of Human Immmentioning

confidence: 54%

Nutrition and immune function in human immunodeficiency virus infection

Macallan

1999

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Interestingly, among HIV infected third trimester pregnant women for the USA, low serum retinol (`0.70 mmol/ L) was a predictor of mother-to-child HIV transmission in one study (Greenberg et al, 1997), whereas neither serum concentrations of retinol, tocopherol, b-carotene nor lucopene were associated with mother-to-child HIV transmission in another (Burger et al, 1997).…”

Section: Transmission Of Hivmentioning

confidence: 97%

Micronutrients and HIV infection: a review

Friis

1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Malnourished children have increased susceptibility to diarrhea due to ID (49) and an increased risk of acute respiratory infections (20) and measles (54,122). Some clinical data also indicate a correlation between VAD and the disease progression (166), mortality (166), and maternal-infant disease transfer (64,167). Infection also leads to enhanced vitamin A depletion (21).…”

Section: Vitamin a Deficiency And Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukocyte Homing, Fate, and Function Are Controlled by Retinoic Acid

Guo

Brown

Ortiz

et al. 2015

Physiological Reviews

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Although vitamin A was recognized as an "anti-infective vitamin" over 90 years ago, the mechanism of how vitamin A regulates immunity is only beginning to be understood. Early studies which focused on the immune responses in vitamin A-deficient (VAD) animals clearly demonstrated compromised immunity and consequently increased susceptibility to infectious disease. The active form of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), has been shown to have a profound impact on the homing and differentiation of leukocytes. Both pharmacological and genetic approaches have been applied to the understanding of how RA regulates the development and differentiation of various immune cell subsets, and how RA influences the development of immunity versus tolerance. These studies clearly show that RA profoundly impacts on cell-and humoralmediated immunity. In this review, the early findings on the complex relationship between VAD and immunity are discussed as well as vitamin A metabolism and signaling within hematopoietic cells. Particular attention is focused on how RA impacts on T-cell lineage commitment and plasticity in various diseases.

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Vitamin A deficiency and maternal-infant transmission of HIV in two metropolitan areas in the United States

Abstract: Increased risk of maternal-infant transmission was associated with severe vitamin A deficiency among non-breastfeeding women in these cohorts from the United States.

Cited by 91 publications

References 28 publications

Nutrition and immune function in human immunodeficiency virus infection

Nutrition and immune function in human immunodeficiency virus infection

Micronutrients and HIV infection: a review

Leukocyte Homing, Fate, and Function Are Controlled by Retinoic Acid

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