Vitamin A Deficiency

West, Keith P.; Darnton‐Hill, Ian

doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-464-3_13

Cited by 126 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 264 publications

(450 reference statements)

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“…A large cluster RCT that was conducted in Nepal found dramatic reductions in maternal mortality ( ϳ 40%) among the women who received a weekly supplement of either vitamin A or ␤ -carotene compared to placebo from early pregnancy through the first 6 weeks postpartum [41] . These findings, however, were not replicated in a similar large trial that was conducted in Bangladesh [34] , and the effects on other outcomes such as PTD or LBW have not been published. In summary, the evidence to date does not support the large-scale distribution of prenatal vitamin A-only supplements even in settings where vitamin A deficiency is common.…”

Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Prenatal Ca supplementation (1.5 g/day) did not significantly reduce the risk of preeclampsia (RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.69-1.19) in a large (n = 8,325) highquality WHO multicenter trial that was conducted in developing country settings where calcium intakes were low [30] and included in the meta-analysis. There were, however, significant reductions in the risk of severe gestation- 34 al hypertension (RR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.61-0.82), eclampsia (RR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.48-0.97) and neonatal mortality (RR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.56-0.88). The risk for PTD was also significantly reduced among younger women ( !…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Vitamin A deficiency is common during pregnancy in many developing countries and although its role in child health is well known, concerns about the safety of providing vitamin A supplements during pregnancy remain [34] . Recent interest in the role of vitamin A in reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV has led to several studies primarily in Subsaharan Africa.…”

Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the Benefits of Nutrient Supplements during Pregnancy: From Iron-Folic-Acid to Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Probiotics

Ramakrishnan¹

2010

Ann Nestlé [Engl]

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This review summarizes current knowledge on the effectiveness of prenatal nutrient supplements ranging from iron-folic-acid (IFA), which is standard of care in many parts of the world, to more novel ones such as ω–3 fatty acids and probiotics in improving maternal and child health outcomes. Randomized controlled trials have shown that prenatal IFA supplements reduce the risk of anemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy and at term, but the evidence of risk reductions in low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery (PTD) is weak. Recent studies, however, suggest that prenatal IFA supplements may reduce child mortality. On the other hand, there is convincing evidence that multiple micronutrient supplements containing 1–2 recommended daily allowances of several vitamins and minerals are safe and reduce the risk of LBW by 19 and 17% when compared to a placebo or routine IFA. Prenatal calcium supplements (>1 g/day) have also been shown to significantly reduce the risk of preeclampsia and maternal death or serious morbidity by 52 and 20%, respectively. Zinc and fish oil supplements containing ω–3 fatty acids may also increase gestational age and reduce the risk of PTD, but not of LBW, in selected populations. There is, however, limited evidence to support the provision of supplements containing only vitamin A, D or antioxidants such as vitamins C and E. Although the protective effect of folic acid during the periconceptual period in reducing neural tube defects is well established, very few or no intervention trials have evaluated the independent effects of specific B vitamins (vitamins B₆, B₁₂ and folic acid), docosahexanoic acid and probiotics during pregnancy. The effects of prenatal iodine supplements in areas with mild to moderate iodine deficiency have not been examined either. Some of these nutrients may not affect outcomes such as PTD or LBW but may have long-term benefits for offspring health and development.

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Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the Benefits of Nutrient Supplements during Pregnancy: From Iron-Folic-Acid to Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Probiotics

Ramakrishnan¹

2010

Ann Nestlé [Engl]

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“…Vitamin A is essential for the normal functioning of the visual system and is required for growth, development, immune function, and reproduction. VAD can cause night blindness possibly leading to corneal blindness, as well as stunted growth among affected children (West, 1991;West and Darnton-Hill, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provitamin A Maize Development: A Strategy for Fighting against Malnutrition in Nepal

Shrestha

Karki

2015

Our Nature

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This review paper briefly highlights the importance, challenges and opportunities for adoption of provitamin A rich maize, and potential breeding strategies suitable in the context of Nepal. The biofortified maize with provitamin A could be the convenient, cheaper, and easily accessible source of vitamin A. It can provide a cheap and sustainable form of vitamin A for its deficiency prone communities. Unavailability of suitable maize varieties rich in provitamin A and insufficient nutrition education to the consumers are the major challenges for adoption of provitamin A maize. The introduction, development and commercialization of provitamin A rich maize varieties in collaboration with national and international scientists, CG centers, multinational companies, I/NGOs, government agencies, and private sectors can help to fight against vitamin A induced malnutrition in Nepal.

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“…1 Recent meta-studies conclude that there is convincing evidence, usually based on randomized trials, that speci c interventions improve the nutritional status of children and save lives under clinical or ideal eld conditions (Bhutta et al, 2008;Ainsworth et al, 2010). For example, community-level ef cacy trials have consistently shown that vitamin A supplementation reduces child mortality across many different settings (Beaton et al, 1993;West and Darnton-Hill, 2008;Mayo-Wilson et al, 2011). 2 Ef cacy trials also provide evidence that multiple micronutrient interventions can improve child health and growth (Ramakrishnan, Goldenberg, and Allen, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saving Lives: Evidence from a Conditional Food Supplementation Program

Meller¹,

Litschig²

2014

Journal of Human Resources

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Many governments in developing countries implement programs that aim to address nutrional failures in early childhood, yet credible evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions is scant. This paper evaluates the impact of a large-scale, government-run, food forti cation program-the Programa de Alimentación y Nutrición Nacional (PANN) 2000-on child mortality in Ecuador. The program was implemented by regular administrative staff at local public health posts and consisted of offering a free micronutrient-forti ed pap, Mi Papilla, for children aged 6 to 24 months in exchange for health check-ups for the children. Our regression discontinuity design exploits the fact that at its inception, the PANN 2000 was running for about eight months only in the poorest communities (parroquias) of the country. Our main result is that the presence of the program reduced child mortality in the exposed cohort from a level of about 2.5 percent by 1 to 1.5 percentage points.

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Vitamin A Deficiency

Cited by 126 publications

References 264 publications

A Review of the Benefits of Nutrient Supplements during Pregnancy: From Iron-Folic-Acid to Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Probiotics

A Review of the Benefits of Nutrient Supplements during Pregnancy: From Iron-Folic-Acid to Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Probiotics

Provitamin A Maize Development: A Strategy for Fighting against Malnutrition in Nepal

Saving Lives: Evidence from a Conditional Food Supplementation Program

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