Vitamin A and carotene

Davies, A. W.; Moore, Thomas

doi:10.1042/bj0280288

Cited by 77 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…9-80 5 9 9-10 4 10 10-67 1 Estimates based upon liver vitamin A concentration are only approximate because of the significant negative correlation of vitamin A per g of liver with liver weight. The absence of vitamin A from kidney and lung tissue is broadly in agreement with the data of Heywood (1967) for the cat family and of Davies & Moore (1934) for the rat. The small quantities found in the adult female lung tissue may be partly attributable to food regurgitated during slaughter and aspirated into the bronchioles.…”

Section: Vitamin a Requirements Of Sowssupporting

confidence: 88%

Liver weight and its N and vitamin A contents in piglets from sows fed two levels of protein and food

Frape¹,

Wolf²,

Wilkinson³

et al. 1969

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYGestating female pigs received either a low or a high intake per day of diets containing either a low or high protein concentration. A change in the composition of both diets occurred after 2 years, when the protein quality of the high protein diet was improved and the energy content of both diets was increased. Vitamin A determinations were carried out on 245 piglet livers and 32 pairs of kidneys and lungs at birth from 47 sows. The livers, kidneys and lungs of 16 sows were also analysed for vitamin A after approximately 4 years on experiment. Vitamin A was detected at birth with antimony trichloride in the liver of the piglet, but not in the kidney or lung. The sow's kidney was found to contain only small amounts and lung tissue only traces.A dietary vitamin A level of 4800 i.u./kg during the breeding life of healthy sows, or 8600 i.u./day during gestation, was adequate from the point of view of both a constant storage in piglet livers at birth over eight to ten parities and a relatively high concentration remaining in sow livers after that period. This conclusion is in line with recommendations of the Agricultural Research Council (1966).As a consequence of differences in both the condition of the sows and in their responses in the two periods, the results for each period are presented separately. In the first 2-year period, when the sows received a relatively low intake of dietary protein during gestation (between 248 and 317 g protein/sow/day), and a low energy intake; that is, when protein was used for energy production, the liver vitamin A storage of the piglet at birth was increased by raising either the daily protein intake during gestation to 352 g, or the food intake from 1·8 to 2·3 kg/sow/day. Liver vitamin A and N concentrations were negatively correlated with liver weight, but increasing dietary protein concentration raised liver weight and its vitamin A content. Liver vitamin A per piglet was not affected by litter size.A conclusion may not be drawn concerning the contribution of dietary energy to the differences in response between periods, because in addition to dietary changes other differences occurred between periods. Nevertheless, in the second 2-year period, when energy intake during gestation was adequate for normal growth and development, a difference of 150 g in protein intake/sow/day (363 g against 208 g) had no effect on liver weight or its vitamin A content. Furthermore, there was no significant treatment effect on total protein or albumin concentrations in the serum of the sow.

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Section: Vitamin a Requirements Of Sowssupporting

confidence: 88%

Liver weight and its N and vitamin A contents in piglets from sows fed two levels of protein and food

Frape¹,

Wolf²,

Wilkinson³

et al. 1969

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…As a micronutrient, VA has been recognized as an important modifiable factor in the development and maintenance of bone mass. In 1934, Davies et al observed spontaneous leg fracture after giving massive VA distillate (12–14 mg/day) to rats [ 10 ]. Since then, several other animal studies had also shown that excessive VA intake may cause toxicity on bone [ 11 ] through decreasing bone formation [ 12 ], increasing bone resorption [ 13 ], and enhancing fracture probability [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Vitamin A on Fracture Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Zhang

Moore

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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This meta-analysis evaluated the influence of dietary intake and blood level of vitamin A (total vitamin A, retinol or β-carotene) on total and hip fracture risk. Cohort studies published before July 2017 were selected through English-language literature searches in several databases. Relative risk (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the risk. Heterogeneity was checked by Chi-square and I2 test. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also performed. For the association between retinol intake and total fracture risk, we performed subgroup analysis by sex, region, case ascertainment, education level, age at menopause and vitamin D intake. R software was used to complete all statistical analyses. A total of 319,077 participants over the age of 20 years were included. Higher dietary intake of retinol and total vitamin A may slightly decrease total fracture risk (RR with 95% CI: 0.95 (0.91, 1.00) and 0.94 (0.88, 0.99), respectively), and increase hip fracture risk (RR with 95% CI: 1.40 (1.02, 1.91) and 1.29 (1.06, 1.57), respectively). Lower blood level of retinol may slightly increase total fracture risk (RR with 95% CI: 1.11 (0.94, 1.30)) and hip fracture risk (RR with 95% CI: 1.27 (1.05, 1.53)). In addition, higher β-carotene intake was weakly associated with the increased risk of total fracture (RR with 95% CI: 1.07 (0.97, 1.17)). Our data suggest that vitamin A intake and level may differentially influence the risks of total and hip fractures. Clinical trials are warranted to confirm these results and assess the clinical applicability.

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“…For group 1 the mean total reserve was 14,000 i.u. For group 2, in confirmation of previous observations on the effect of vitamin E deficiency in lowering the vitamin A reserve [Moore, 1940],the mean valuewas only 4700 i.u., which, however, is still about twice the reserve found in a wild rat shot near this laboratory [Davies & Moore, 1934]. [Duckworth, 1942].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Dental depigmentation in the rat

Moore

1943

Biochemical Journal

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5 ml. of N H2SO4. After 3-4 days, the white needles which had formed were collected and dried in vacuo. Yield, 0-13 g., M.P. 830, giving a yellow colour with concentrated HCI and in the Liebermann-Burchard test, and a red colour with concentrated H2SO4. There was difficulty in removing solvent from this substance for analysis. (Found: C, 70-8; H, 9.5 %. M (titration), 395. C24H8,O5 requires C, 70.9; H, 94%; M, 406.) The acid could be recrystallized by acidification of a hot alkaline solution as described, but did not form crystals from organic solvents. It dissolved easily in alcohol, acetone, and acetic acid, and to some extent in ether, but appeared to be insoluble in benzene and light petroleum. SUMMARY 1. By a simple three-stage process (oxidation, purification, reduction), cholic acid has been converted into deoxycholic acid, with an overall yield of 40-50 % of theoretical.2. Preferential oxidation of cholic acid at C7 was performed by adding measured aanounts of concentrated K2CrO4 solution to cholic acid dissolved in acetic acid buffered with Na acetate.3. The partially purified product was then reduced with Na ethylate-hydrazine, yielding deoxycholic acid. Deoxycholic acid was also prepared from an impure semicarbazone, the preparation and properties of which were used to follow and define the conditions of the oxidation. The intermediate 7-keto-3:12-dihydroxycholanic acid and its ethyl ester have been isolated and examined.

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Vitamin A and carotene

Cited by 77 publications

References 2 publications

Liver weight and its N and vitamin A contents in piglets from sows fed two levels of protein and food

Liver weight and its N and vitamin A contents in piglets from sows fed two levels of protein and food

The Effect of Vitamin A on Fracture Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Dental depigmentation in the rat

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