Vital Sign Monitoring Through the Back Using an UWB Impulse Radar With Body Coupled Antennas

Ghaffar

et al. 2020

Sensors

Non-invasive remote health monitoring plays a vital role in epidemiological situations such as SARS outbreak (2003), MERS (2015) and the recently ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 because it is extremely risky to get close to the patient due to the spread of contagious infections. Non-invasive monitoring is also extremely necessary in situations where it is difficult to use complicated wired connections, such as ECG monitoring for infants, burn victims or during rescue missions when people are buried during building collapses/earthquakes. Due to the unique characteristics such as higher penetration capabilities, extremely precise ranging, low power requirement, low cost, simple hardware and robustness to multipath interferences, Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) technology is appropriate for non-invasive medical applications. IR-UWB sensors detect the macro as well as micro movement inside the human body due to its fine range resolution. The two vital signs, i.e., respiration rate and heart rate, can be measured by IR-UWB radar by measuring the change in the magnitude of signal due to displacement caused by human lungs, heart during respiration and heart beating. This paper reviews recent advances in IR-UWB radar sensor design for healthcare, such as vital signs measurements of a stationary human, vitals of a non-stationary human, vital signs of people in a vehicle, through the wall vitals measurement, neonate's health monitoring, fall detection, sleep monitoring and medical imaging. Although we have covered many topics related to health monitoring using IR-UWB, this paper is mainly focused on signal processing techniques for measurement of vital signs, i.e., respiration and heart rate monitoring.

Section: Vital Signs Inside Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Remote Health Monitoring Using Impulse Radio UWB Transceiver

Ghaffar

et al. 2020

Sensors

“…In 2010, Levitas used UWB radar to realize live person detection behind non-metallic obstacles [17]. In 2018, Schires proposed installing UWB in the driver's seat, which can accurately detect the respiration and heart rate, but it still has the problem of high cost and increases error caused by motion artifact and clothes [18]. In comparison, since it is unnecessary to consider the requirements of high switching speed and high delay precision of an integrated chip in a UWB radar system, continous wave (CW) radar has a simpler structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Contact Driver Respiration Rate Detection Technology Based on Suppression of Multipath Interference with Directional Antenna

Yang

Guo

et al. 2020

Information

Non-contact driver respiration rate detection is a challenging problem in the Internet of Vehicles, because the automobile environment is much narrower, and thus the multipath effect is greater. To overcome these challenges, a 2.4 GHz continuous wave forward-scattering radar respiratory detection system is proposed based on the theory that the radar cross-section (RCS) of the human body changes with human breathing. We also analyze the impact of the multipath effect in the vehicle on the received radar signal and compare the output signal captured by a directional antenna with that captured by an omnidirectional antenna in the proposed system. In addition, the mean value of the received signal’s envelope is used to judge whether the driver’s posture is reasonable. Finally, compared with the existing contact respiratory detection system, the actual test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FSR system, and the driver respiration rates obtained by the proposed system are consistent with those obtained by the contact respiratory detection system.

“…The remote monitoring module is able to track real time information of the physical condition as well as movements. Sensors are integrated into many types of radio wave devices such as capsules, textile and elastic bands, and are implanted or directly adhered to human skin in combination with external devices for wireless monitoring of heart rate [6][7][8], vital signs [9], blood pressure [10,11], body temperature [12], electrocardiograms [13][14][15][16][17] and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of Input Resistance of a Normal-Mode Helical Antenna (NMHA) in Human Body Application

Zainudin

Latef

Aridas

et al. 2020

Sensors

In recent years, the development of healthcare monitoring devices requires high performance and compact in-body sensor antennas. A normal-mode helical antenna (NMHA) is one of the most suitable candidates that meets the criteria, especially with the ability to achieve high efficiency when the antenna structure is in self-resonant mode. It was reported that when the antenna was placed in a human body, the antenna efficiency was decreased due to the increase of its input resistance (R in ). However, the reason for R in increase was not clarified. In this paper, the increase of R in is ensured through experiments and the physical reasons are validated through electromagnetic simulations. In the simulation, the R in is calculated by placing the NMHA inside a human's stomach, skin and fat. The dependency of R in to conductivity (σ) is significant. Through current distribution calculation, it is verified that the reason of the increase in R in is due to the decrease of antenna current. The effects of R in to bandwidth (BW) and electrical field are also numerically clarified. Furthermore, by using the fabricated human body phantom, the measured R in and bandwidth are also obtained. From the good agreement between the measured and simulated results, the condition of R in increment is clarified.