Vital Role of Monoamine Oxidases and Cholinesterases in Central Nervous System Drug Research: A Sharp Dissection of the Pathophysiology

Aksöz, Begüm Evranos; Aksöz, Erkan

doi:10.2174/1386207323666200220115154

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The progression of various diseases can be accelerated by balancing the levels of these neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and monoamines are regulated by monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase enzymes 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monoamine oxidases are flavoenzymes facilitating the oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters, viz, serotonin, norepinephrine, tyramine, dopamine, and certain other amines 9 . A set of central nervous system diseases, including memory loss, cognitive decline, and mental disorders like depression, can be treated symptomatically with monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase inhibitors to prevent further development of the condition 8 . Due to their fewer adverse effects and better efficacy, medicinal herbs and natural phytocompounds are increasingly used to treat diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Menthol Attenuates Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neurotransmitter Imbalance in Experimental Diabetes

Soumya,

Mini

2023

JER

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One of the most predominant enduring consequences of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is Diabetic Encephalopathy (DE), which has neither a reliable treatment nor an effective preventive strategy. Cognitive dysfunction is the primary problem allied with DE. The current inquiry aims to determine the potency of menthol in reducing the risk of brain complications induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) in diabetic rats. A single STZ intraperitoneal injection (40 mg/kg body weight) was employed to induce DM in Sprague-Dawley male rats and animals were held without treatment for 30 days to develop DE. The Morris water maze test, followed by the supplementation of menthol and metformin for 60 days at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight dosages, verified the cognitive deficit in diabetic rats. After 60 days of therapy, rats were sacrificed to obtain blood and brain tissues for biochemical investigation. Oral delivery of menthol enhanced cognitive function in DE rats. Furthermore, menthol markedly reduced fasting blood sugar, glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), and elevated plasma insulin levels. In the brain, menthol increases neurotransmitter levels and choline acetyltransferase activity while decreasing AChE activity. Menthol also downregulated the expressions of monoamine oxidase A and B. Thus, the study indicates that menthol was effective in attenuating the neurodegenerative alterations in DE rats. It had a therapeutic potential and could be effectively utilized as a dietary supplement for regulating complications associated with encephalopathy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menthol Attenuates Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neurotransmitter Imbalance in Experimental Diabetes

Soumya,

Mini

2023

JER

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An Integrated Computational Approaches for Designing of Potential Piperidine based Inhibitors of Alzheimer Disease by Targeting Cholinesterase and Monoamine Oxidases Isoenzymes

Sarfraz,

Ibrahim,

Ejaz

et al. 2024

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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Neural mechanisms underlying upright bipedal gait: role of cortico-brainstem-spinal pathways involved in posture-gait control

Takakusaki,

Takahashi,

Kaminishi

et al. 2024

Ageing Neur Dis

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Bipedal gait involves moving the body while maintaining an upright posture under gravity. Throughout vertebrate evolution and postnatal development, humans acquired antigravity functions that allow one to achieve biped gait. While walking, our attention is focused on purposeful, intentional movements such as dexterous arm-hand finger movements or searching for the target. On the other hand, postural control comes to our awareness only when we need to alter gait patterns, such as facing demanding conditions. Nonetheless, our body and brain control gait so as not to fall by anticipatorily adjusting posture that optimally achieves multi-tasks consisting of purposeful movements and walking. Accordingly, we have developed the working hypothesis that postural control is achieved by plans and programs that accomplish purposeful actions. Key questions to verify this hypothesis are (1) how higher brain functions brought about by evolution enabled us to acquire a bipedal standing posture that resists gravity and (2) how the frontal cortex, the most developed neocortical area, enabled us to acquire multi-tasks consisting of gait and intentional movements. We postulate that the frontoparietal networks that contribute to planning and programming based on cognitive information and corticofugal pathways that issue command signals to the subcortical structures, particularly the brainstem and spinal cord in which core systems of posture and gait control exist, play central roles in solving these questions. These mechanisms may be declined in older adults and impaired in patients with degenerative neurological disorders, resulting in posture-gait disturbance such as freezing of gait (FOG) and falling.

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Vital Role of Monoamine Oxidases and Cholinesterases in Central Nervous System Drug Research: A Sharp Dissection of the Pathophysiology

Cited by 5 publications

References 78 publications

Menthol Attenuates Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neurotransmitter Imbalance in Experimental Diabetes

Menthol Attenuates Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neurotransmitter Imbalance in Experimental Diabetes

An Integrated Computational Approaches for Designing of Potential Piperidine based Inhibitors of Alzheimer Disease by Targeting Cholinesterase and Monoamine Oxidases Isoenzymes

Neural mechanisms underlying upright bipedal gait: role of cortico-brainstem-spinal pathways involved in posture-gait control

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