“…The flow diagram in Figure 1 describes the study search and selection process and outcomes (Moher et al, 2009 ). Out of 50 abstracts screened, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis (Macflynn et al, 1984 ; Cremona-Meteyard et al, 1992 ; Cremona-Meteyard and Geffen, 1994b ; Geldmacher and Hills, 1997 ; Hills and Geldmacher, 1998 ; Bate et al, 2001 ; Van Donkelaar et al, 2005 ; Halterman et al, 2006 ; Pavlovskaya et al, 2007 ; Catena et al, 2009 ; Kim et al, 2009 ; Sinnett et al, 2011 ; Rodríguez-Bailón et al, 2012 ; Hill-Jarrett et al, 2015 ; Schmitter-Edgecombe and Robertson, 2015 ; Robertson and Schmitter-Edgecombe, 2017 ; Shah et al, 2017 ; Hromas et al, 2020 ). After thorough review of the full texts, 16 of these 18 studies met the criteria for quantitative analysis, producing 80 calculated effect size estimates for meta-analysis.…”