Visuo-Vestibular Information Processing by Unipolar Brush Cells in the Rabbit Flocculus

Hensbroek, Robert A.; Ruigrok, Tom J. H.; Beugen, Boeke J. van; Maruta, Jun; Simpson, John I.

doi:10.1007/s12311-015-0710-8

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…[ 14 , 37 , 39 ], the mossy fiber firings in vivo exhibit a variety of temporal and spatial patterns. Vestibular mossy fibers provide slow rate-coded inputs that linearly encode head velocity [ 33 , 42 , 43 ]. In response to sensory stimulation, mossy fibers in Crus I and Crus IIa generate high frequency bursts [ 29 , 32 ], and metronome mossy fibers of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) spike synchronously [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal network coding of physiological mossy fiber inputs by the cerebellar granular layer

et al. 2017

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The granular layer, which mainly consists of granule and Golgi cells, is the first stage of the cerebellar cortex and processes spatiotemporal information transmitted by mossy fiber inputs with a wide variety of firing patterns. To study its dynamics at multiple time scales in response to inputs approximating real spatiotemporal patterns, we constructed a large-scale 3D network model of the granular layer. Patterned mossy fiber activity induces rhythmic Golgi cell activity that is synchronized by shared parallel fiber input and by gap junctions. This leads to long distance synchrony of Golgi cells along the transverse axis, powerfully regulating granule cell firing by imposing inhibition during a specific time window. The essential network mechanisms, including tunable Golgi cell oscillations, on-beam inhibition and NMDA receptors causing first winner keeps winning of granule cells, illustrate how fundamental properties of the granule layer operate in tandem to produce (1) well timed and spatially bound output, (2) a wide dynamic range of granule cell firing and (3) transient and coherent gating oscillations. These results substantially enrich our understanding of granule cell layer processing, which seems to promote spatial group selection of granule cell activity as a function of timing of mossy fiber input.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal network coding of physiological mossy fiber inputs by the cerebellar granular layer

et al. 2017

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“…The firing rates of putative UBCs recorded in vivo in the vestibular cerebellum of mammals follow head velocity and eye movements, in some cases with delays of hundreds of milliseconds (Simpson et al, 2005 ;Barmack and Yakhnitsa, 2008 ;Hensbroek et al, 2015 ). Our data suggests that these long delays could be implemented by feed-forward circuits containing multiple UBCs.…”

Section: Sources Of Synaptic Input To Ubc Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 59%

A system of feed-forward cerebellar circuits that extend and diversify sensory signaling

Hariani,

Brynn Algstam,

Candler

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Sensory signals are processed by the cerebellum to coordinate movements. Numerous cerebellar functions are thought to require the maintenance of a sensory representation that extends beyond the input signal. Granule cells receive sensory input, but they do not prolong the signal and are thus unlikely to maintain a sensory representation for much longer than the inputs themselves. Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are excitatory interneurons that project to granule cells and transform sensory input into prolonged increases or decreases in firing, depending on their ON or OFF UBC subtype. Further extension and diversification of the input signal could be produced by UBCs that project to one another, but whether this circuitry exists is unclear. Here we test whether UBCs innervate one another and explore how these small networks of UBCs could transform spiking patterns. We characterized two transgenic mouse lines electrophysiologically and immunohistochemically to confirm that they label ON and OFF UBC subtypes and crossed them together, revealing that ON and OFF UBCs innervate one another. A Brainbow reporter was used to label UBCs of the same ON or OFF subtype with different fluorescent proteins, which showed that UBCs innervate their own subtypes as well. Computational models predict that these feed-forward networks of UBCs extend the length of bursts or pauses and introduce delays—transformations that may be necessary for cerebellar functions from modulation of eye movements to adaptive learning across time scales. The cerebellum is essential for the accurate performance of behaviors ranging in complexity from stabilizing an image on the retina to playing a piano or performing a gymnastics routine. Cerebellar dysfunction disrupts the ability to produce smooth movements and leads to a disorder called ataxia. Damage to the vestibular cerebellum occurs in various disorders including medulloblastoma and leads to nystagmus, involuntary movements of the eyes that prevent normal vision. Treating disorders of motor control such as nystagmus, requires a better understanding of how representations of movements are maintained in the firing patterns of neurons in the cerebellar circuit. Here we use transgenic mice to label a type of neuron called the unipolar brush cell and revealed that these cells innervate one another and are likely to increase the length and diversity of spiking patterns in the cerebellum. These transformations may be necessary for numerous functions from controlling eye movements to learning new behaviors.

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“…Gabriella Sekerkova and Marco Martina, both of whom became major colleagues and friends of Enrico after he moved to Chicago, and worked with him on the further characterization of UBCs, showed here that the mossy fiber terminals of UBCs are a VGluT1-positive mossy fiber and are markedly enriched in α-synuclein [12]. Finally, Tom Ruigrok, John Simpson, and collaborators describe how UBCs can be distinguished in vivo in the rabbit flocculus while responding to sigmoidal visuo-vestibular stimulation sometimes indeed revealing latencies of up to 0.5 seconds [14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…He did excellent work on a great variety of topics, many of which were related to the distribution and projections of GABAergic neurons [1], the cyto-architecture of various parts of the nervous system, in particular the auditory system [2, 3] and the cerebellum [4], culminating in the work on the morphology and function of unipolar brush cells (UBCs) [5]. The variety of these topics is also reflected in the contributions of Enrico's colleagues and friends in the current issue for The Cerebellum: four papers largely focused on the development, electrophysiology, or systems function of GABAergic neurons [6][7][8][9], five papers on the structure and function of UBCs [10][11][12][13][14], while the remaining papers addressed either hyperplastic and degenerative aspects of cerebellar pathology [15,16], or the interregional connectivity within the auditory system [17,18]. The formats range from those of commentaries or opinion papers to those of extensive reviews or original articles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Editorial on the Honorary Cerebellum Issue for the Retirement of Enrico Mugnaini

et al. 2015

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Throughout his career, Enrico Mugnaini has been an outstanding neuromorphologist, a generous colleague, and a very knowledgeable and skillful tutor (Fig 1). He did excellent work on a great variety of topics, many of which were related to the distribution and projections of GABAergic neurons [1], the cyto-architecture of various parts of the nervous system, in particular the auditory system [2, 3] and the cerebellum [4], culminating in the work on the morphology and function of unipolar brush cells (UBCs) [5]. The variety of these topics is also reflected in the contributions of Enrico's colleagues and friends in the current issue for The Cerebellum: four papers largely focused on the development, electrophysiology, or systems function of GABAergic neurons [6][7][8][9], five papers on the structure and function of UBCs [10][11][12][13][14], while the remaining papers addressed either hyperplastic and degenerative aspects of cerebellar pathology [15,16], or the interregional connectivity within the auditory system [17,18]. The formats range from those of commentaries or opinion papers to those of extensive reviews or original articles.Since Enrico was one of the first to use antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the producing enzyme of GABA [1], he triggered a lot of research in this area, particularly in the cerebellar field. Constantino Sotelo, who got to know Enrico back in the seventies at Harvard when both of them spent their postdoc in the lab of Sandy Palay, explains how the GABAergic interneurons of the cerebellar cortex develop, which transcription factors determine their fate, and how they may operate in the adult as electrotonically coupled networks [6]. I myself, Chris De Zeeuw, who got to know Enrico in the nineties at the University of Connecticut (UCONN) when I was doing a postdoc in his lab on the discovery of the dendritic lamellar body [19], describe how responses of interneurons of different parts of the cerebellar Fig. 1

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Visuo-Vestibular Information Processing by Unipolar Brush Cells in the Rabbit Flocculus

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Spatiotemporal network coding of physiological mossy fiber inputs by the cerebellar granular layer

Spatiotemporal network coding of physiological mossy fiber inputs by the cerebellar granular layer

A system of feed-forward cerebellar circuits that extend and diversify sensory signaling

Editorial on the Honorary Cerebellum Issue for the Retirement of Enrico Mugnaini

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