Visually induced analgesia during face or limb stimulation in healthy and migraine subjects

Sava, Simona; Pasqua, Victor De; Noordhout, Alain Maertens De; Schoenen, Jean

doi:10.2147/jpr.s160276

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 52 publications

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“…Furthermore, it was shown that LEP amplitudes did not differ between chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) patients and healthy controls, although migraine patients showed reduced habituation compared to CTTH patients [ 23 ]. Additionally, the LEP amplitudes were not influenced by migraine phase [ 17 , 20 ], visually induced analgesia [ 26 ], or the presence or absence of aura [ 20 ]. Menstrual phase affected the amount of habituation in both migraine patients and healthy controls [ 24 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habituation to Pain in Patients with Chronic Pain: Clinical Implications and Future Directions

Miesen

Vossen

Joosten

2023

JCM

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In this review, the latest insights into habituation to pain in chronic pain are summarized. Using a systematic search, results of studies on the evidence of habituation to (experimental) pain in migraine, chronic low back pain, fibromyalgia, and a variety of chronic pain indications are presented. In migraine, reduced habituation based on self-report and the EEG-based N1 and N2–P2 amplitude is reported, but the presence of contradictory results demands further replication in larger, well-designed studies. Habituation to pain in chronic low back pain seems not to differ from controls, with the exception of EEG measures. In fibromyalgia patients, there is some evidence for reduced habituation of the N2–P2 amplitude. Our analysis shows that the variability between outcomes of studies on habituation to pain is high. As the mechanisms underlying habituation to pain are still not fully understood and likely involve several pathways, it is now too early to conclude that habituation to pain is related to clinical outcomes and can be used as a diagnostic marker. The review ends with a discussion on future directions for research including the use of standard outcome measures to improve comparisons of habituation to pain in patients and controls, as well as a focus on individual differences.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habituation to Pain in Patients with Chronic Pain: Clinical Implications and Future Directions

Miesen

Vossen

Joosten

2023

JCM

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Immersive virtual reality applied to the rehabilitation of patients with lower limb amputation: a small randomized controlled trial for feasibility study

Steckel,

Schwertner,

Bücker

et al. 2024

Virtual Reality

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Limb amputation significantly impacts the socioeconomic and health aspects of affected individuals, with clinical issues such as phantom limb pain (PLP), phantom limb telescopy (PLT), residual limb pain (RLP), and decreased balance necessitating improved treatments. Although interventions utilizing Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) have been explored, conducting Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) within this population presents challenges. This study serves as a feasibility study derived from a small RCT, aiming to investigate the effects of an IVR intervention protocol on individuals with lower limb amputation (LLA) while addressing methodological challenges and exploring alternative study designs. Participants were randomly assigned to either the Control Group (CG), receiving no intervention, or the Intervention Group (IG), undergoing 16 IVR sessions over 8 weeks, with twenty-one participants completing the protocol. Sessions involved observing physical exercises via a head-mounted display. All participants were assessed for pain and balance pre- and post-intervention. IG participants were also evaluated for pain, sense of presence in the virtual environment, and cybersickness on intervention days. Results indicated a significant negative correlation between RLP and time since amputation in the Intervention Group. Analysis of results between IG and CG post-assessment suggests potential benefits of IVR in improving balance and reducing PLT. Despite challenges related to sample size and participant retention, multicenter collaborations and home-based interventions are proposed to mitigate these limitations. This feasibility study lays a foundation for future research aiming to optimize VR interventions for improved outcomes in patients with LLA.

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Understanding inter-individual variability of experimental pain habituation and conditioned pain modulation in healthy individuals

De Schoenmacker,

Scheuren,

Sirucek

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Although reduced experimental pain habituation is proposed as a proxy of diminished endogenous pain modulatory capacity in chronic pain, prior studies show contradictory findings. Even across healthy participants, pain habituation varies substantially, which may relate to another measure of endogenous pain modulation, i.e., conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Hence, this study investigated the relationship between pain habituation and CPM. Pain habituation was assessed in 45 healthy participants between two blocks of 15–20 contact-heat stimuli applied to the hand. Habituation of subjective pain ratings and objective neurophysiological readouts (contact-heat evoked potential (CHEP) and palmar sympathetic skin response (SSR)) was investigated. CPM was assessed by comparing heat pain thresholds before and after hand immersion in a noxious cold (9 °C) and lukewarm water bath (32 °C, to control for repeated measures effects). Pain habituation showed a large variability, with subjective but not objective pain habituation correlating with cold-induced CPM effects (r = 0.50; p = 0.025). This correlation was not observed for ‘true’ CPM effects (corrected for repeated measures effects) nor for CPM effects induced by a lukewarm water bath. These findings suggest that the observed variability in subjective pain habituation may be influenced by both descending endogenous pain modulation and peripheral adaptation processes associated with repeated measures. Objective pain habituation readouts, i.e., CHEPs and SSRs, capture different, complementary aspects of endogenous pain modulation.

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Visually induced analgesia during face or limb stimulation in healthy and migraine subjects

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Habituation to Pain in Patients with Chronic Pain: Clinical Implications and Future Directions

Habituation to Pain in Patients with Chronic Pain: Clinical Implications and Future Directions

Immersive virtual reality applied to the rehabilitation of patients with lower limb amputation: a small randomized controlled trial for feasibility study

Understanding inter-individual variability of experimental pain habituation and conditioned pain modulation in healthy individuals

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