Visualizing the Network of Bonghan Ducts in the Omentum and Peritoneum by Using Trypan Blue

Abstract

A visualizing agent, Trypan blue, was found to be preferentially effective for Bonghan ducts (BHDs) and corpuscles compared to blood vessels or adipose tissues. By using it, we observed a weblike network of BHDs which was in various membrane structures, such as the peritoneum, and omenta. This network of BHDs in the membrane structures was connected to the freely movable BHDs which did not adhere to the surfaces or wrapping membranes of internal organs. In addition, tracing BHDs in adipose tissues became possible because Trypan blue does not stain adipose tissue.

A primo vessel-like structure in a dog with inflammatory pseudotumor

“…He did not, however, disclose his method of observing the system in detail, so until recently, no exact confirmation of his work was ever accomplished despite many attempts in China, Japan, and Russia, except, for a partial reproduction by a Japanese anatomist, Fujiwara (Fujiwara and Yu, 1967). Observations of primo vessels in rabbits, rats, and mice were recently made by applying modern bio-imaging techniques (Soh, 2009), which has not only confirmed Kim's claims but also provided new findings and information, such as in vivo staining of the primo vessels with trypan blue (Lee et al, 2009b) and the existence of primo vessels inside fat tissues (Lee et al, 2009a) and on the surfaces of subcutaneous tumor tissues (Yoo et al, 2009). Furthermore, some evidence for a fluid-conducting function of the primo-vascular system has been provided by measurements of the flow speed (Sung et al, 2008) and the fluid viscosity (Sung et al, 2009).…”

The Sixth Sense-Emotional Contagion; Review of Biophysical Mechanisms Influencing Information Transfer in Groups

“…If the body may be structured to also detect significant patterns in weaker fields from persons nearby, detection of anger and fear in others via the unconscious would be argued to be most significant in survival and it can be suggested as being involved in initiating collective or mob behaviour when it surpasses a certain strength. It is not known if Bonghan vessels, (see [123]- [125]) are involved in signal detection and transmission, the system appears to circulate granules loaded with DNA which is known to be paramagnetic, [126] interestingly they are known to be present in bovine hearts and so may also be present in the human heart.…”

The Magnetic Mobility of Biomolecule Sanals of the Lymphatic Primo Vascular System

“…Investigations of controllers for the autonomic nervous system of the human body led to the new approach on hormone system with regards to occurrence and disease treatments [1][2][3]. If undisclosed structures and functions of the third circulating system are revealed, an important research can lead to a medical revolution of a more destructive power than previous discoveries [4,5].…”

“…The cortical nerves perform like a semiconductor which facilitates electron flows. In human body, there are many kinds of proteins such as collagen, DNA, and cell membrane [3,4]. Through the combination of water and such elements, particular constructers can be formed.…”