Visualizing pseudo‐ductility in carbon/glass fiber hybrid composites manufactured using infusible thermoplastic Elium® resin

Khan, Tayyab; Ali, Muhammad A.; Irfan, Muhammad; Cantwell, Wesley; Umer, Rehan

doi:10.1002/pc.27210

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Apart from that, the microscopic failure comprised delamination, fiber pull out, fiber cracking, and resin damage. Numerous studies in the literature have observed similar failure modes in CFRP composite specimens [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. The results also showed a strong interface between the fibers and the thermosetting matrix, which was primarily due to the high surface roughness of the carbon fibers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Repair of Aerospace Composite Structures Using Liquid Thermoplastic Resin

2023

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In this study, two types of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite scarf geometries were created using two scarf angles, i.e., 1.43° and 5.71°. The scarf joints were adhesively bonded using a novel liquid thermoplastic resin at two different temperatures. The performance of the repaired laminates was compared with pristine samples in terms of residual flexural strength using four-point bending tests. The repair quality of the laminates was examined by optical micrographs, and the failure modes after flexural tests were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The thermal stability of the resin was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), whereas the stiffness of the pristine samples was determined using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results showed that the laminates were not fully repaired under ambient conditions, and the highest recovery strength at room temperature was only 57% of the total strength exhibited by pristine laminates. Increasing the bonding temperature to an optimal repair temperature of 210 °C resulted in a significant improvement in the recovery strength. The best results were achieved for laminates with a higher scarf angle (5.71°). The highest residual flexural strength was recorded as 97% that of the pristine sample repaired at 210 °C with a scarf angle of 5.71°. The SEM micrographs showed that all the repaired samples exhibited delamination as the dominant failure mode, whereas the pristine samples exhibited dominant fiber fracture and fiber pullout failure modes. The residual strength recovered using liquid thermoplastic resin was found to be much higher than that reported for conventional epoxy adhesives.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Along with this, the fibers were also pulled out and fractured upon the complete failure of the scarf joints, as the scarf geometry was pulled out due to complete delamination. The carbon fibers exhibited the commonly observed brittle fracture mode, especially along the edges of the scarf joints [ 42 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repair of Aerospace Composite Structures Using Liquid Thermoplastic Resin

2023

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“…Incorporating fibers into polymers has been widely accepted as a facile strategy for strengthening the polymer matrix, including the mechanical behaviors, [1][2][3][4] rheological applications, 5 thermal stability, 6,7 damping properties, [8][9][10] corrosion resistance, 11,12 and flame retardation. [13][14][15] The fiber/matrix interphase has played significant roles in transmitting external stress from resin matrix to high strength fibers [16][17][18][19] since the polymer matrix suffers from external stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass fiber/epoxy composites with improved interfacial adhesion by using cross‐linking sizing agent

Wang,

Zhang,

Han

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Glass fibers (GFs) are frequently employed as reinforcement fibers for polymer resins such as epoxy and polyester. The mechanical behaviors of GFs polymer composites are nevertheless constrained by weak interfacial adhesion between polymer matrix and GFs. Herein, we invented a cross‐linking modified sizing agent using polyethyleneimine and bisphenol A epoxy emulsion, and studied the effect of cross‐linking extent on GF surface characteristics and GF/epoxy interfacial adhesion. The treatment of GFs with cross‐linking modified sizing agent facilitated the formation of interpenetrating polymer networks in composites for strengthening interface interaction. The results show that the modified GFs have a rough surface and improved interfacial adhesion with epoxy matrix. When sizing agents with cross‐linking extent of the 23.0%, the GF/epoxy composites show advanced interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and transverse fiber bundle tension (TFBT) strength. This work demonstrates that the cross‐linking extent of sizing agent could regulate interfacial adhesion, which is a facile and promising strategy in reinforcing glass fiber polymer composites.Highlights Crosslink the sizing agent to enhance GF mechanical properties was reported. GF surface energy was enhanced and thickness of GF/epoxy interphase increased. IFSS and TFBT strength of the GF/resin composites increased by 23.65% and 30.54%, respectively.

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“…It offers enhanced stiffness and improved toughness comparable to its thermoset counterparts. 1,7,8 Recently, significant attempts have been noted in the literature scrutinizing the mechanical attributes of this novel elium resin-based composites consisting of different fiber reinforcements. For instance, Pinto et al reported that glass/carbon fiber reinforced composites (FRCs) produced with elium and epoxy resin exhibit similar behavior for using the same fiber reinforcement; also, composites with elium matrix had shown less impact damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of thermoplastic and thermoset adhesives performance and the influence on failure analysis in jointed elium‐based composite structures

Kaybal,

Ulus

2023

Polymer Composites

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The preference for thermoplastic composites over thermoset ones is steadily growing, especially in constructing resilient, lightweight, and fuel‐efficient structures in industrial settings due to their recyclability and superior energy absorption. Elium®, an acrylic‐based thermoplastic resin, offers enhanced stiffness and improved toughness at room temperature. Investigation into elium‐based composites with diverse fiber reinforcements has revealed elium's potential as an alternative to traditional thermoset epoxy resins. This study explores recyclable elium resin as an adhesive for creating curable and non‐permanent joints in various elium‐based composites. Various joining techniques, including adhesive bonding, mechanical joints, and hybrid bolted/bonded connections, were assessed, with hybrid bonded/bolted (HBB) joints emerging as a preferred solution for structures requiring higher load‐carrying capacity. The study's results indicate that, when using elium adhesive, elium‐hybrid bolted/bonded (HBB) joints demonstrate superior mechanical strength compared to their epoxy counterparts, resulting in improved toughness and stiffness values for each type of composite material. In addition, the research demonstrates superior load‐bearing strengths in bonded glass/elium composite joints using elium adhesive compared to bolted joints, with HBB joints featuring elium adhesive displaying even higher load‐bearing strengths. This research highlights the potential of elium‐based composites and adhesives in various industrial applications, enabling the production of lightweight, robust structures with exceptional damage tolerance.Highlights Investigates recyclable elium resin for curable and non‐permanent joints. Elium‐based composites offer lightweight, robust, and damage‐tolerant structures. Elium HBB joints demonstrate superior strength. FTIR analysis reveals distinct chemical signatures and bonding characteristics. Elium adhesive enhances bond strength.

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Visualizing pseudo‐ductility in carbon/glass fiber hybrid composites manufactured using infusible thermoplastic Elium® resin

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Repair of Aerospace Composite Structures Using Liquid Thermoplastic Resin

Repair of Aerospace Composite Structures Using Liquid Thermoplastic Resin

Glass fiber/epoxy composites with improved interfacial adhesion by using cross‐linking sizing agent

Comparative analysis of thermoplastic and thermoset adhesives performance and the influence on failure analysis in jointed elium‐based composite structures

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