Visualizing mental representations in schizophrenia patients: A reverse correlation approach

Brinkman, Loek; Dotsch, Ron; Zondergeld, Jelmer; Koevoets, Martijn G.J.C.; Aarts, Henk; Haren, Neeltje E.M. van

doi:10.1016/j.scog.2019.100138

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The sample size was decided a priori in order to have a power of 0.8 and reveal an effect size of 0.3 in a correlation analysis (calculated with G*Power 52 ). Moreover, that sample size is well aligned with a large part of the studies using reverse correlation techniques, with sample sizes ranging between 15 53 , 54 and 60 participants 55 – 57 , although some studies have indeed used larger samples 46 , 58 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The relationship between orthorexia nervosa symptomatology and body image attitudes and distortion

Pauzé

Plouffe-Demers

Fiset

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), a condition characterized by a fixation on healthy eating, still does not conform to any consensus concerning diagnostic criteria, notably in regard to a possible body image component. This study investigated the relationship between ON symptomatology, measured with the Eating Habit Questionnaire, and body image attitudes and body image distortion in a non-clinical sample. Explicit body image attitudes and distortion were measured using the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Implicit body image attitudes and distortion were assessed using the reverse correlation technique. Correlational analyses showed that ON is associated with both explicit and implicit attitudes and distortion toward body image. More precisely, multivariate analyses combining various body image components showed that ON is mostly associated with explicit overweight preoccupation, explicit investment in physical health and leading a healthy lifestyle, and implicit muscularity distortion. These findings suggest that ON symptomatology is positively associated with body image attitudes and distortion in a non-clinical sample. However, further studies should be conducted to better understand how ON symptomatology relates to body image, especially among clinical samples.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The relationship between orthorexia nervosa symptomatology and body image attitudes and distortion

Pauzé

Plouffe-Demers

Fiset

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…In order to settle on the sample size for the judges, we relied on a high estimate of the samples generally used in the reverse correlation literature (i.e., N = 31–101; Brinkman, Dotsch, et al, 2019; Dotsch et al, 2008, 2013; Dotsch & Todorov, 2012; Oliveira, Garcia-Marques, & Dotsch, 2019; Oliveira, Garcia-Marques, et al, 2019; Ratner et al, 2014). With a sample of 71 participants, we had 80% of power to detect a movement (approach vs. avoidance) effect of d = .70 at minimum (OLS regression).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

When my actions shape your looks: Experience-based properties of approach/avoidance bias the visual representation of others.

Rougier¹,

Schmitz²,

Yzerbyt³

2021

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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The literature on the approach/avoidance training (AAT) effect has focused on its evaluative consequences (with approached stimuli evaluated as more positive than avoided ones). Building on a grounded cognition framework, we investigated AAT effects on the visual representation of stimuli (here, neutral faces). We formulated specific predictions regarding the facial features that should be the most biased and the conditions under which the effect should be the strongest. We tested these predictions in five preregistered experiments using a reverse correlation paradigm. In Experiments 1-2, the facial representations resulting from an AAT looked more "approachable" and "avoidable," respectively. Specifically, we observed more bias on facial traits related to approach/avoidance (e.g., trustworthiness) than on traits less relevant for these actions (e.g., cleverness). Experiment 2 additionally tested the unique contribution of both approach and avoidance as compared to control actions. Experiments 3A-4 showed that this effect depends on experiencing the AAT (compared to the mere instructions of approach/avoidance) and on the sensory aspects of approach/avoidance that are mimicked in the AAT. Finally, Experiment 5 supported the idea that the AAT effect still emerges in the absence of explicit instructions of approach/avoidance (i.e., by only leaving the sensory aspects of approach/avoidance). The present research enriches the literature by revealing AAT effects that extend beyond mere evaluative consequences to the visual representation of the target stimuli. Our results also inform existing theoretical views on AAT effects.

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“…Reverse correlation aims to estimate unknown variables, for example, a person's mental representation (Brinkman et al, 2019), or a neuron's receptive field (Ringach and Shapley, 2004). Reverse correlation is particularly popular in social psychology as a means to unveil the "mental templates" of a participant (for a review and primer on this method, see Brinkman et al ( 2017)).…”

Section: Reverse Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From pre-processing to advanced dynamic modeling of pupil data

Fink¹,

Simola²,

Tavano³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The pupil of the eye provides a rich source of information for cognitive scientists, as it can index a variety of bodily states (e.g., arousal, fatigue) and cognitive processes (e.g., attention, decision-making). As pupillometry becomes a more accessible and popular methodology, researchers have proposed a variety of techniques for analyzing pupil data. Here, we provide recommendations and offer an up-to-date account of how pupil data can be analyzed in hypothesis-testing experiments. We first introduce pupillometry, its neural underpinnings, and the relation between pupil measurements, visual features (e.g., luminance), and other oculomotor behaviors (e.g., blinks, saccades), to stress the importance of understanding what is being measured and what can be inferred from changes in pupillary activity. We discuss pre-processing steps and contend that the insights gained from pupillometry are constrained by the analysis techniques available. Then, in addition to the traditional approach of analyzing mean pupil size within some epoch of interest, we focus on time series-based analyses, which enable one to relate dynamic changes in pupil size over time with dynamic changes in a stimulus series, task of interest, behavioral outcome measures, or other participants' pupil traces. Analytic techniques considered include: correlation (auto-, and cross-, reverse-, and inter/intra-subject-), regression (including temporal response functions), classification, dynamic time warping, phase clustering, magnitude squared coherence, detrended fluctuation analysis, and recurrence quantification analysis. Assumptions of these techniques, and examples of the scientific questions each can address, are outlined, with references to key papers and software packages.

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Visualizing mental representations in schizophrenia patients: A reverse correlation approach

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

The relationship between orthorexia nervosa symptomatology and body image attitudes and distortion

The relationship between orthorexia nervosa symptomatology and body image attitudes and distortion

When my actions shape your looks: Experience-based properties of approach/avoidance bias the visual representation of others.

From pre-processing to advanced dynamic modeling of pupil data

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