“…Although some early MOOC designs (i.e., cMOOCs) promoted collectivist approaches and constructivist pedagogies (c.f., Downes, 2009), the xMOOC model is by far the most dominant type of MOOC, and its associated pedagogies (i.e., transfer-oriented, self-paced) are reinforced by platform affordances. While some design efforts have been made to create opportunities for deep learning in large-scale, open access learning environments through the advancement of community-oriented instructional models (c.f., Quintana et al, 2020;Håklev & Slotta, 2017), these efforts have largely focused on pedagogical decisions within the course, including careful placement of instructional items within a course sequence (Quintana & Tan, 2021), development of co-dependent activity structures (Emmanuel & Lamb, 2017), and creation of effective participant structures (Quintana et al, 2020). Since MOOC discussion forums remain the primary mode of learner-to-learner interaction within at scale learning environments, more research is needed to understand how learners use platform affordances to respond to discussion prompts and to engage with peers.…”