“…Many studies outlined how residents had developed skills and competencies in, for example, conducting research [ 30 , 62 ], using monitoring equipment [ 34 , 59 ], action planning [ 59 ], leadership [ 35 , 40 ], public speaking and dissemination [ 30 , 53 , 60 ], and advocacy [ 31 , 36 , 62 ]. Participation in air quality activities was found to have enhanced individual and collective confidence and motivation to act [ 31 , 42 – 44 , 49 , 52 , 64 , 68 ], built a sense of community [ 37 , 52 ], and increased self-efficacy [ 38 , 52 , 65 , 66 ]. Community engagement in some cases enabled the development of new connections [ 41 , 59 , 63 , 65 ], and partnerships between the community and organisations [ 37 , 47 , 53 ].…”