Visualizations of Gas-Phase NTO/MMH Reactivity

Catoire, L.; Chaumeix, Nabiha; Pichon, S.; Paillard, C.

doi:10.2514/1.10417

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] These hypergolic combinations require that a successful fuel have a high energy density per unit mass and a high specific impulse, and that there is a short ignition delay time. Unfortunately, hydrazine and its derivatives, as a class of acutely toxic and carcinogenic substances, have high vapor pressures so that costly safety precautions and handling procedures are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypergolic N,N‐Dimethylhydrazinium Ionic Liquids

Zhang

Gao

Guo

et al. 2010

Chemistry A European J

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N,N-Dimethylhydrazinium dicyanamide and nitrocyanamide ionic liquids (ILs) were prepared by quaterization of N,N-dimethylhydrazine with alkyl halides followed by metathesis reactions with silver dicyanamide or silver nitrocyanamide. The key physicochemical properties, such as melting point and decomposition temperatures, density, viscosity, heat of formation, detonation pressure and velocity, and specific impulse were measured/calculated. The impact of anions and alkyl-substituted cations on these properties is demonstrated. Droplet tests with white-fuming nitric acid (WFNA) as an oxidizer were utilized to show that the 14 new N,N-dimethylhydrazinium salts are hypergolic with ignition delay (ID) times ranging from 22 to 1642 ms, thereby suggesting that some may have potential as bipropellants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypergolic N,N‐Dimethylhydrazinium Ionic Liquids

Zhang

Gao

Guo

et al. 2010

Chemistry A European J

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“…3,4 Ethylenediamine, the smallest polyethylene amine, possesses two terminal amino groups that enable the compound to readily form imidazolidines, succinimides, chelates, and polyamides. This versatility accounts for its many uses, ranging from the production of fungicides to biofuels.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotamers and Migration: Investigating the Dissociative Photoionization of Ethylenediamine

et al. 2016

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The unimolecular dissociation of energy-selected ethylenediamine cations was studied by threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (TPEPICO) in the photon energy range of 8.60-12.50 eV. Modeling the breakdown diagram and time-of-flight distributions with rigid activated complex RRKM theory yielded 0 K appearance energies for eight dissociation channels, leading to NH2CHCH2(+)(•) at 9.120 ± 0.010 eV, CH3C(NH2)2(+) at 9.200 ± 0.012 eV, NH2CHCH3(+) at 9.34 ± 0.08 eV, CH2NH2(+) at 9.449 ± 0.025 eV, CH2NH3(+) at 9.8 ± 0.1 eV, c-C2H4NH2(+) at 10.1 ± 0.1 eV, CH3NHCHCH2(+) at 10.2 ± 0.1 eV, and the reappearance of CH2NH2(+) at 10.2 ± 0.1 eV. The CBS-QB3-calculated pathways highlighted the influence of intramolecular hydrogen attractions on the dissociation processes, presenting novel isomers and low-energy van der Waals intermediates that led to fragments in good agreement with experimental results. While most of the dissociation channels take place through reverse barriers, the 0 K heat of formation of (•)CH2NH2 was determined to be 147.6 ± 3.7 kJ mol(-1), in excellent agreement with literature, and the 0 K heat of formation of CH2NH3(+) at 844 ± 10 kJ mol(-1) is the first experimentally measured value available and is in good agreement with theory.

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“…The current MMH/NTO hypergolic system has been used successfully for decades, 28,29 and much theoretical work on the MMH/NTO system has been performed. [30][31][32][33][34][35] However, little experimental work exists [36][37][38][39][40] to confirm these results. Therefore, replacing the volatile, highly toxic, and carcinogenic MMH with a safer fuel is not a straightforward task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier Transform Infrared Studies in Hypergolic Ignition of Ionic Liquids

et al. 2008

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)Air Force Research Laboratory (AFMC) AFRL/RZS SPONSOR/MONITOR'S Pollux Drive NUMBER(S)Edwards AFB CA 93524-70448 AFRL-RZ-ED-JA-2008-090 DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution unlimited (PA# 08149A) SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESPublished in J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112, 7816-7824. © 2008 American Chemical Society. ABSTRACTA class of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) that exhibit hypergolic activity towards strong nitric acid is reported. Fast ignition of dicyanamide ionic liquids when mixed with nitric acid is contrasted with the reactivity of the ionic liquid azides, which show high reactivity with nitric acid, but do not ignite. The reactivity of other potential salt fuels is assessed here. Rapid-scan, Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the pre-ignition phase indicates the evolution of N 2 O from both the dicyanamide and azide RTILs. Evidence for the evolution of CO 2 and isocyanic acid (HNCO) with similar temporal behavior to N 2 O from reaction of the dicyanamide ionic liquids with nitric acid is presented. Evolution of HN 3 is detected from the azides. No evolution of HCN from the dicyanamide reactions was detected. From the FTIR observations, biuret reaction tests and initial ab initio calculations, a mechanism is proposed for the formation of N 2 O, CO 2 and HNCO from the dicyanamide reactions during pre-ignition. SUBJECT TERMS SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:17 ReceiVed: April 28, 2008; ReVised Manuscript ReceiVed: June 2, 2008 A class of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) that exhibit hypergolic activity toward fuming nitric acid is reported. Fast ignition of dicyanamide ionic liquids when mixed with nitric acid is contrasted with the reactivity of the ionic liquid azides, which show high reactivity with nitric acid, but do not ignite. The reactivity of other potential salt fuels is assessed here. Rapid-scan, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the preignition phase indicates the evolution of N 2 O from both the dicyanamide and azide...

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Visualizations of Gas-Phase NTO/MMH Reactivity

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Hypergolic N,N‐Dimethylhydrazinium Ionic Liquids

Hypergolic N,N‐Dimethylhydrazinium Ionic Liquids

Rotamers and Migration: Investigating the Dissociative Photoionization of Ethylenediamine

Fourier Transform Infrared Studies in Hypergolic Ignition of Ionic Liquids

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