Visualization system based on hierarchical targeting for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Photoacoustic mediated multifunctional tumor antigen trapping nanoparticles inhibit the recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer by enhancing tumor immunogenicity

“…The photoacoustic signal in Al(OH) 3 group may be due to the metal ions in aqueous solution. Studies have shown that the optical properties of Fe 3 O 4 can also be used to enhance photoacoustic molecular imaging [ 43 – 45 ].…”

Cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles: a promising anti-tumor bionic platform

“…160,161 The PA signal can penetrate up to 8 cm, allowing for imaging of deeper tissues. 162 To date, a variety of contrast agents have been reported for PA imaging, including inorganic contrast agents such as gold NPs, 163 Fe 3 O 4 NPs, 164 carbon nanotubes 165 and organic contrast agents including anthocyanin dyes 166 and ICG. 167 Achieving target specificity for deep tissue tumors remains a formidable challenge in cancer PA imaging.…”

Exploiting targeted nanomedicine for surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

“…The non-specific uptake of drugs can lead to many side effects [ 127 , 128 ], while improving therapeutic targeting by modifying various tumor target ligands on nanoparticles can enhance efficacy and decrease side effects, such as targeting common HCC biomarkers [ 138 , 139 ], coupling with folic acid to target the highly expressed folic acid receptor in solid tumors [ 140 , 141 ], targeting the highly expressed P-selectin in HCC and tumor vascular endothelium to simultaneously target the primary tumor and metastases [ 98 ]. Hierarchical targeting is a novel strategy to further improve the accuracy of HCC diagnosis and treatment [ 37 , 93 ]. Shi et al proposed that tissues (primary targets), cells (secondary targets) and receptors (tertiary targets) should be accurately graded and targeted, and they designed a tertiary targeting nanosystem.…”

“…The subsequent release of γ-interferon attained tertiary targeting, which upregulated the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression and promoted tumor cell apoptosis after binding to membrane receptors. This nanosystem significantly enhanced the antitumor effect compared with non-tertiary targeting nanoparticles [ 93 ].…”

“…Fifth, realizing the integration of diagnosis and treatment on nanoplatforms. On the one hand, it can reduce time cost and improve diagnosis and treatment efficiency [ 93 , 101 , 139 , 141 ]. Chen et al coupled PEGylated melanin nanoparticles (PEG-MNPs) with the NIR dye IR820 to construct a highly biocompatible multifunctional nanoplatform IR820-PEG-MNPs with PAI, MRI and photothermal ablation capabilities.…”