Visualization of nerve fibers around the carotid bifurcation with use of a 9.4 Tesla microscopic magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging with tractography

Saito, Shin; Ozawa, Hiroyuki; Fujioka, Masato; Hikishima, Keigo; Hata, Junichi; Kurihara, Sho; Okano, Hirotaka James; Ogawa, Kaoru

doi:10.1002/hed.25318

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…We segmented and quantified the morphology of the largest fiber bundle in the sheath, consistent with prior studies; the largest cervical fascicle can be clearly identified as the VN both in vivo and in the micrographs, and it is the target of cuff electrodes for electrophysiology experiments. The identities of the smaller bundles in the carotid sheath are unclear; possibilities include smaller cervical vagal fascicles, vagal branches [e.g., superior laryngeal branch ( Licursi de Alcântara et al, 2008 )], sympathetic chain ( Ding et al, 2011 ), hypoglossal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, spinal accessory nerve ( Saito et al, 2018 ), and ansa cervicalis ( Usami et al, 2013 ). The sizes of our rat cervical nerves were comparable to literature ( Fazan and Lachat, 1997 ; Licursi de Alcântara et al, 2008 ), whereas our rat subdiaphragmatic nerves trended larger ( Prechtl and Powley, 1985 ; Figure 7 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantified Morphology of the Cervical and Subdiaphragmatic Vagus Nerves of Human, Pig, and Rat

et al. 2020

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It is necessary to understand the morphology of the vagus nerve (VN) to design and deliver effective and selective vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) because nerve morphology influences fiber responses to electrical stimulation. Specifically, nerve diameter (and thus, electrode-fiber distance), fascicle diameter, fascicular organization, and perineurium thickness all significantly affect the responses of nerve fibers to electrical signals delivered through a cuff electrode. We quantified the morphology of cervical and subdiaphragmatic VNs in humans, pigs, and rats: effective nerve diameter, number of fascicles, effective fascicle diameters, proportions of endoneurial, perineurial, and epineurial tissues, and perineurium thickness. The human and pig VNs were comparable sizes (∼2 mm cervically; ∼1.6 mm subdiaphragmatically), while the rat nerves were ten times smaller. The pig nerves had ten times more fascicles—and the fascicles were smaller—than in human nerves (47 vs. 7 fascicles cervically; 38 vs. 5 fascicles subdiaphragmatically). Comparing the cervical to the subdiaphragmatic VNs, the nerves and fascicles were larger at the cervical level for all species and there were more fascicles for pigs. Human morphology generally exhibited greater variability across samples than pigs and rats. A prior study of human somatic nerves indicated that the ratio of perineurium thickness to fascicle diameter was approximately constant across fascicle diameters. However, our data found thicker human and pig VN perineurium than those prior data: the VNs had thicker perineurium for larger fascicles and thicker perineurium normalized by fascicle diameter for smaller fascicles. Understanding these differences in VN morphology between preclinical models and the clinical target, as well as the variability across individuals of a species, is essential for designing suitable cuff electrodes and stimulation parameters and for informing translation of preclinical results to clinical application to advance the therapeutic efficacy of VNS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantified Morphology of the Cervical and Subdiaphragmatic Vagus Nerves of Human, Pig, and Rat

et al. 2020

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“…Several studies described the successful application of DTI and DTT in extraforaminal cranial nerve imaging. 12,67–70 But, most reports only describe DTT of the proximal nerve branches with varying reference values. 68,71 DTT of the small distal cranial nerve branches remains challenging and, for the time being, is mostly of scientific value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance neurography of the head and neck: state of the art, anatomy, pathology and future perspectives

Cruyssen

Croonenborghs

Renton

et al. 2021

The British Journal of Radiology

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Magnetic resonance neurography allows for the selective visualization of peripheral nerves and is increasingly being investigated. Whereas in the past, the imaging of the extracranial cranial and occipital nerve branches was inadequate, more and more techniques are now available that do allow nerve imaging. This basic review provides an overview of the literature with current state of the art, anatomical landmarks and future perspectives. Furthermore, we illustrate the possibilities of the three-dimensional CRAnial Nerve Imaging (3D CRANI) MR-sequence by means of a few case studies.

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Trapezius muscle branch of the spinal accessory nerve without penetrating the sternocleidomastoid muscle as a pitfall in neck dissection: prevalence in a Japanese institution and a protocol for the prevention of iatrogenic injury

Sakamoto

Ozawa

Shimanuki

et al. 2021

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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Visualization of nerve fibers around the carotid bifurcation with use of a 9.4 Tesla microscopic magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging with tractography

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Quantified Morphology of the Cervical and Subdiaphragmatic Vagus Nerves of Human, Pig, and Rat

Quantified Morphology of the Cervical and Subdiaphragmatic Vagus Nerves of Human, Pig, and Rat

Magnetic resonance neurography of the head and neck: state of the art, anatomy, pathology and future perspectives

Trapezius muscle branch of the spinal accessory nerve without penetrating the sternocleidomastoid muscle as a pitfall in neck dissection: prevalence in a Japanese institution and a protocol for the prevention of iatrogenic injury

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