Visualization of Long-Term Quantitative Changes of Microelements in Soils Amended with Sewage Sludge Compost Evaluated with Two Extraction Solutions

Graczyk

2021

Agronomy

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The study discusses changes in lead contents in soil and crops after application of compost and fly ash. A three-year experiment was conducted on narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), camelina (Camelina sativa L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.), which were grown on medium soil fertilised with compost or fly ash (FA). The lead amounts in various combinations were evaluated using sequential (BCR analysis) and single (DTPA solution) methods. The total contents of lead and amounts of selected macronutrients were assessed in the biomass of plants. The Pb contents in the soil and plants were used to calculate the risk assessment code (RAC), individual contamination factor (ICF), bioconcentration factor (BCF) and contamination coefficient level (CCL). Lower amounts of bioavailable Pb in the soil were observed as a result of compost and FA application. Fly ash immobilised Pb more effectively, as evidenced by the BCF and CCL values. The increase in the Pb contents in the sequentially separated fractions and in plant biomass were caused by applied compost or FA. The Pb contents in exchangeable forms decreased, whereas its contents in residual forms increased.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Compost and Fly Ash Treatment of Contaminated Soil on the Immobilisation and Bioavailability of Lead

Graczyk

2021

Agronomy

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“…The amounts of Pb and Cr obtained with the HCl solution were significantly higher than those determined by DTPA. Dependencies of this type are well known and observed both in soil [31] and composts [10]. This is a natural reaction, because the acid solution lowers the pH and solubilises metals, which does not occur with DTPA.…”

Section: Available and Bioavailable Amounts Of Pb And Crmentioning

confidence: 95%

Changes in lead and chromium contents in sewage sludge evaluated using both single extractants and sequential method

Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability

2020

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The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in lead and chromium amounts in sequentially separated fractions and available forms of four sewage sludge (SS). Lead and chromium sequential extraction in SS was performed using BCR method. Single extractants were used to assay available and bioavailable forms of metals. It was found that Pb and Cr were detected in the largest amounts in organic forms, while the lowest levels were recorded for exchangeable ones. Sewage sludges from the small installations contained significantly lower amounts of metals (both available, bioavailable and sequentially separated fractions of sewage sludge) in comparison with those originating from the large treatment installations. Generally amounts of metals detected in sewage sludge were small in the years of this study, which should be considered a positive trend. Additionally, the bioavailability index (φ) and risk assessment code (RAC) indicated no negative impact of metals contained in the analysed SS on the soil environment.

“…Additionally, organic fertilizers ensure a systematic release of nutrients, while maintaining their positive balance over a long period of time. Studies [3][4][5] indicate such a possibility. The cited authors proved that systematic long-term application of organic fertilizers not only results in an increase of soil organic matter, but also in an increase of micronutrient amounts available to plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sewage sludge is not only characterized by a higher content of organic matter and macronutrients, but also micronutrients [8]. Moreover, the use of composted sewage sludge is a very important strategy, complying with [9], and additionally meeting the main principles of sustainable agriculture and circular economy [4]. According to a circular economy philosophy, recyclable materials are reintroduced into the economy as new raw materials, thus increasing the security of supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microelement Variability in Plants as an Effect of Sewage Sludge Compost Application Assessed by Different Statistical Methods

Graczyk

2020

Agronomy

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This research deals with the effects of soil amendment with sewage sludge compost (SSC) on the accumulation of microelements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Fe) in plants—white mustard (Sinapis alba), triticale (Triticale) and white lupine (Lupinus albus)—cultivated on two contrasting soils (light vs. medium agronomic class). Additionally, the influence of experimental factors on variability of the harvest index (HI) was determined for individual plants and micronutrients. A 3-year pot experiment was conducted and SSC at the rate of 6 t·ha−1 was applied into the soils. These changes were determined by ANOVA and subject to regression analysis and subsequently visualized. The study clearly demonstrated that SSC as an organic fertilizer had a significant, but weak effect on the microelements level variability in the shoots and grains of plants cultivated in crop rotation. Regardless of the experimental factors, on average, the plants accumulated higher amounts of Cu, Zn and Mn in the grains, and Fe and Ni in the shoots. Harvest index values confirmed the significance and variable translocation of microelements within plant organs. The influence of SSC on micronutrient contents in plant organs was more significant in the case of medium soil.