Visualization of geochemical data on maps: New options

European Ground Water Geochemistry Using Bottled Water as a Sampling Medium

“…It is, for example, not possible to produce smoothed colour surface maps from such data sets; even to plot readable point source maps is a challenge. Because the distribution of anomalously "high" values in Europe is probably the most interesting aspect of the published geochemical atlas [ 25 ] , the 'variable-size dot' or 'growing dot' technique, as originally suggested by Björklund and Gustavsson [ 4 ] , was used for producing all distribution maps. The technique, together with its advantages and disadvantages, is discussed in detail by Reimann et al [ 30 ] .…”

The Soil Geochemical Atlas of Portugal: Overview and applications

“…Point symbol geochemical maps were preferred for representing the spatial distribution of elements in the organic horizon, because only 195 samples are available. These maps were obtained using the technique described in Björklund and Gustavsson (1987) and Gustavsson et al (1997) in which the diameter of symbol points is related to metal contents by a continuous function curve. The legends of point symbol and color maps are classified in percentiles.…”

Understanding the Quality of Chemical Data from the Urban Environment – Part 2: Measurement Uncertainty in the Decision‐Making Process

“…It is significant, as pointed out by all researchers in this field, for the greatest part of the variance to be ascribed to the geochemical data variance or geochemical (spatial) variation; otherwise, a contoured geochemical distribution map cannot be produced (Garrett, 1969;Howarth, 1983;Sharp, 1987). In the latter case, where geochemical data show no spatial persistence, element concentrations may be plotted at the sample sites as variable-size dots (Bølviken et al, 1986;Bj€ orklund and Gustavsson, 1987;Lahermo et al, 1990), symbols (De Vos et al, 1996), exploratory data analysis symbols (Englund and Sparks, 1988;O'Connor et al, 1988;Demetriades, 1990), or recording on maps the sample site analytical data (Van der Sluys et al, 1997). However, final decisions about geochemical distribution map plotting may be decided upon following a thorough geostatistical structural analysis of the data (Journel and Huijbregts, 1978;Rendu, 1978;Clark, 1979;Isaaks and Srivastava, 1989;Clark and Harper, 2007a, 2007b.…”