Visualization of Both the Superficial and Deep Lymphatic System of the Upper Extremity Using Magnetic Resonance Lymphography

Wolfs, Joost A. G. N.; Qiu, Shan Shan; Lobbes, Marc; Bijkerk, Ennie; Hulst, René R. W. J. van der; Keuter, Xavier H. A.

doi:10.1089/lrb.2021.0012

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Heavily T2-weighted images were acquired before contrast agent injection, to assess soft tissue changes and fluid accumulation in the subcutaneous tissue. 98 – 111 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contrast-enhanced MRL (CEMRL) uses an intracutaneous injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent and makes the visualization of superficial and deep lymphatic vessels, 100 – 102 , 104 , 107 , 111 , 112 lymphatic collaterals, DBF, and lymphorrhea possible. 100 – 102 , 104 , 106 , 107 , 113 , 114 Higher resolution, better fat suppression and signal-to-noise ratio for the lymphatic vessels can be obtained with higher field strengths.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Affected lymphatic vessels had a beaded and tortuous appearance in contrast to smooth veins. 98 , 100 – 102 , 104 , 106 , 107 , 111 , 112 , 115 Moreover, blood had a significantly faster uptake and clearance rate, leading to earlier enhancement and faster decreases of image intensity compared with lymphatic vessels. 102 , 107 , 111 , 115 , 116 Similar to lymphoscintigraphy and NIRF-L, severity staging has been proposed on the extent of DBF and visualized lymphatic vessels, which was significantly related to the ISL clinical scale.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavily T2-weighted images were acquired before contrast agent injection, to assess soft tissue changes and fluid accumulation in the subcutaneous tissue. [98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111] Subsequently, T1-weighted sequences with fat suppression were used to visualize the contrast agent uptake in the lymphatic vessels. Maximum intensity projections from any arbitrary plane were obtained for image assessment (see Fig.…”

Section: Parameters For Diagnosis and Severity Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electronic supplementary Table 8 shows the imaging protocol information of the MRL studies. 95 with permission from Elsevier lymphatic vessels, [100][101][102]104,107,111,112 lymphatic collaterals, DBF, and lymphorrhea possible. [100][101][102]104,106,107,113,114 Higher resolution, better fat suppression and signal-tonoise ratio for the lymphatic vessels can be obtained with higher field strengths.…”

Section: Parameters For Diagnosis and Severity Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of the Lymphatic Vessels for Surgical Planning: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Background Secondary lymphedema is a common complication after surgical or radiotherapeutic cancer treatment. (Micro) surgical intervention such as lymphovenous bypass and vascularized lymph node transfer is a possible solution in patients who are refractory to conventional treatment. Adequate imaging is needed to identify functional lymphatic vessels and nearby veins for surgical planning. Methods A systematic literature search of the Embase, MEDLINE ALL via Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection and Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Trials databases was conducted in February 2022. Studies reporting on lymphatic vessel detection in healthy subjects or secondary lymphedema of the limbs or head and neck were analyzed. Results Overall, 129 lymphatic vessel imaging studies were included, and six imaging modalities were identified. The aim of the studies was diagnosis, severity staging, and/or surgical planning. Conclusion Due to its utility in surgical planning, near-infrared fluorescence lymphangiography (NIRF-L) has gained prominence in recent years relative to lymphoscintigraphy, the current gold standard for diagnosis and severity staging. Magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL) gives three-dimensional detailed information on the location of both lymphatic vessels and veins and the extent of fat hypertrophy; however, MRL is less practical for routine presurgical implementation due to its limited availability and high cost. High frequency ultrasound imaging can provide high resolution imaging of lymphatic vessels but is highly operator-dependent and accurate identification of lymphatic vessels is difficult. Finally, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a novel technique for visualization of functional lymphatic vessels and veins. More evidence is needed to evaluate the utility of PAI in surgical planning.

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“…Heavily T2-weighted images were acquired before contrast agent injection, to assess soft tissue changes and fluid accumulation in the subcutaneous tissue. 98 – 111 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parameters For Diagnosis and Severity Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parameters For Diagnosis and Severity Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of the Lymphatic Vessels for Surgical Planning: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Progression of fluid infiltration on non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer-related lymphedema: A comparative analysis with indocyanine green lymphography

Kageyama,

Shiko,

Kawasaki

et al. 2024

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery

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Analysis on efficacy of magnetic resonance lymphangiography using INV-001 in healthy beagle dogs

Jang,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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We aimed to conduct a proof-of-concept study of INV-001 in visualizing lymphatic vessels and nodes without venous contamination and to determine the optimal dose condition of INV-001 for magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL) in healthy beagles. MRL was performed using a 3.0-Tesla (T) whole body clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. A dose-finding study of INV-001 for MRL in beagles (N = 6) was carried out according to an adaptive optimal dose finding design. For the reproducibility study (N = 6), MRL was conducted at selected INV-001 doses (0.056 and 0.112 mg Fe/kg) with a 15 mM concentration. Additionally, an excretion study (N = 3) of INV-001 was conducted by analyzing T1, T2, and T2* maps of the liver and kidney 48 h post-administration. INV-001 administration at doses of 0.056 and 0.112 mg Fe/kg (concentration: 15 mM) consistently demonstrated the visualization of contrast-enhanced lymphatic vessels and nodes without venous contamination in the beagles. The contrast enhancement effect was highest at 30 min after INV-001 administration, then gradually decreasing. No toxicity-related issues were identified during the study. After 48 h, the T1, T2, and T2* values in the liver and both kidneys were found to be comparable to the pre-administration values, indicating thorough INV-001 excretion. The optimal dosing conditions of INV-001 for MRL for contrast-enhanced visualization of lymphatic vessels and nodes exclusively with no venous contamination in beagles was determined to be 0.056 mg Fe/kg with a 15 mM concentration.

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Visualization of Both the Superficial and Deep Lymphatic System of the Upper Extremity Using Magnetic Resonance Lymphography

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Imaging of the Lymphatic Vessels for Surgical Planning: A Systematic Review

Imaging of the Lymphatic Vessels for Surgical Planning: A Systematic Review

Progression of fluid infiltration on non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer-related lymphedema: A comparative analysis with indocyanine green lymphography

Analysis on efficacy of magnetic resonance lymphangiography using INV-001 in healthy beagle dogs

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