Visualization of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization by Aggregation‐Induced Emission Technology

Wang, Xin; Qiao, Xiaoguang; Yin, Xiuzhe; Cui, Zhe; Fu, Peizhen; Wang, Guowei; Pan, Xiangcheng; Pang, Xinchang

doi:10.1002/asia.202000071

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…They found that the fluorescence quantum yield of AIE-active polystyrene in its aggregated state can be enhanced by increasing the polymer chain length, which is attributed to the higher degree of molecular motion restriction in longer polymer chains [ 41 ]. Similar phenomena have been observed in other systems [ 42 , 43 ]. Interestingly, the polymer film of PHEMA showed a distinct emission color compared to PS and PMMA ( Figure 2 A).…”

Section: Single-fluorophore Aie Polymers Prepared By Controlled Radical Polymerizationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Controlling Molecular Aggregation-Induced Emission by Controlled Polymerization

Bao

2021

Molecules

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In last twenty years, the significant development of AIE materials has been witnessed. A number of small molecules, polymers and composites with AIE activity have been synthesized, with some of these exhibiting great potential in optoelectronics and biomedical applications. Compared to AIE small molecules, macromolecular systems—especially well-defined AIE polymers—have been studied relatively less. Controlled polymerization methods provide the efficient synthesis of well-defined AIE polymers with varied monomers, tunable chain lengths and narrow dispersity. In particular, the preparation of single-fluorophore polymers through AIE molecule-initiated polymerization enables the systematic investigation of the structure–property relationships of AIE polymeric systems. Here, the main polymerization techniques involved in these polymers are summarized and the key parameters that affect their photophysical properties are analyzed. The author endeavored to collect meaningful information from the descriptions of AIE polymer systems in the literature, to find connections by comparing different representative examples, and hopes eventually to provide a set of general guidelines for AIE polymer design, along with personal perspectives on the direction of future research.

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Section: Single-fluorophore Aie Polymers Prepared By Controlled Radical Polymerizationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Controlling Molecular Aggregation-Induced Emission by Controlled Polymerization

Bao

2021

Molecules

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“…It was reported that the emission behavior of AIE-based fluorescent groups was sensitive to the microenvironment; , thus, it could be used to probe parameters such as the molecular weight and viscosity. To investigate the fluorescence properties of AIEgen attached to polymers, the emission behavior of TPE-PMMA was tested under different conditions (Figures and ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the information was not fully provided for the polymerization of MMA, but the authors indicated a poorly controlled polymerization. Recently, well-controlled ATRP polymerizations of styrene and tert -butyl acrylate were also reported under thermal conditions, but only broadly distributed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was obtained under similar conditions . Because methacrylates represent one of the most important monomers, it is desirable to prepare well-defined poly(methacrylate)s and investigate the effect of such an AIE group in the photocatalyzed ATRP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PhotoATRP Approach to Poly(methyl methacrylate) with Aggregation-Induced Emission

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In the past decades, polymeric fluorescent materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties play important roles in the fields of biomedical and analytical chemistry, and the synthesis of well-defined polymers under mild conditions is in demand. In this report, narrowly distributed poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMAs) with AIE properties were prepared in mild conditions using 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzyl 2-bromo-2-phenylacetate (TPE-BPA), a novel initiator with an AIE-based functional group. This approach resulted in PMMAs with a fluorescent tag at the chain end (TPE-PMMA). Specifically, a high efficiency of initiation was observed using a low amount of air-stable copper(II) bromide/tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (CuIIBr2/TPMA) as a photocatalyst under the irradiation of LED@405 nm. Moreover, the TPE presented in the system did not affect the polymerization kinetics of MMA and the temporal control. The dispersities of the obtained PMMAs were as low as 1.12. Interestingly, TPE-PMMA with narrow dispersity was also obtained (M w/M n < 1.25) in the presence of air. Regarding the fluorescent properties of TPE-PMMAs, it was observed that their AIE intensities increased with the molecular weights. Moreover, they could also be used to probe the increased viscosity of the solution, indicating their potential of synthesizing functional sensors. The approach proposed in this work is convenient to prepare poly(methacrylate)s with well-defined structures in the presence of AIE-based fluorescent tags, and it thus paves a new way for the rational design of AIE-functionalized polymeric materials.

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“…Inspired by the advantages of AIEgens, Pang group incorporated TPE into the initiators for ATRP (Figure 2B). [ 43 ] In the bulk polymerization for a series of monomers (such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, and tert ‐butyl acrylate) via ATRP using the AIE initiators, both the fluorescence photos and the fluorescence spectra showed the gradual increasing of fluorescence intensity. For polymerization of tert ‐butyl acrylate with AIE‐active TPE‐3 initiator (Figure 2C), a rapid increase of emission intensity began to appear since the monomer conversion rate reached 33% and the emission increase slowed down after conversion above 80% (Figure 2D,E).…”

Section: Polymerization and Dissolution/swellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B) Schematic illustration of ATRP polymerization using AIEgens as initiators, C) ATRP polymerization process of tert-butyl acrylate using TPE-3 as initiator, D) fluorescent photos of reaction system at different conversions taken under 365 nm UV irradiation,E) PL spectra of the polymerization mixture at corresponding conversions, and F) relationship of M n with PL intensity. Reproduced with permission [43]. Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH GmbH.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aggregation‐Induced Emission Boosting the Study of Polymer Science

Wang

et al. 2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Dedicated to Professor Daoben Zhu on the occasion of his 80th birthday The past one hundred years have witnessed the great development of polymer science. The advancement of polymer science is closely related with the development of characterization techniques and methods, from viscometry in molecular weight determination to advanced techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. However, these techniques are normally constrained to tedious sample preparation, high costs, harsh experimental conditions, or ex situ characterization. Fluorescence technology has the merits of high sensitivity and direct visualization. Contrary to conventional aggregation-causing quenching fluorophores, those dyes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics show high emission efficiency in aggregate states. Based on the restriction of intramolecular motions for AIE properties, the AIE materials are very sensitive to the surrounding microenvironments owing to the twisted propeller-like structures and therefore offer great potential in the study of polymers. The AIE concept has been successfully used in polymer science and provides a deeper understanding on polymer structure and properties. In this review, the applications of AIEgens in polymer science for visualizing polymerization, glass transition, dissolution, crystallization, gelation, self-assembly, phase separation, cracking, and self-healing are exemplified and summarized. Lastly, the challenges and perspectives in the study of polymer science using AIEgens are addressed.

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Visualization of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization by Aggregation‐Induced Emission Technology

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Controlling Molecular Aggregation-Induced Emission by Controlled Polymerization

Controlling Molecular Aggregation-Induced Emission by Controlled Polymerization

PhotoATRP Approach to Poly(methyl methacrylate) with Aggregation-Induced Emission

Aggregation‐Induced Emission Boosting the Study of Polymer Science

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