Visualization of a developing vasculature

McLeod, D. Scott; Lutty, Gerard A.; Wajer, Stephen D.; Flower, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/0026-2862(87)90021-5

Cited by 74 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus, arterial and venous patterns may repre sent adaptations within the constraints imposed by the lateral distribution of cell-free spaces. [24][25][26] In view of the similarity between vascular patterns and DLA, it is tempting to speculate that Laplace's equation describes the global haemodynamic and metabolic forces responsible for canalisation and expan sion of angioblastic cords, whilst local fluctu ations in cell-free space geometry provide the randomness needed for fractal geometry and the uniqueness of each individual's retinal vascular pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fractal properties of retinal vessels: Embryological and clinical implications

Mainster¹

1990

Eye

189

104

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fractal properties of retinal vessels: Embryological and clinical implications

Mainster¹

1990

Eye

189

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Studies indicate that development of the retinal vasculature may occur by both vasculogenesis, de novo formation of blood vessels from mesodermal precursor cells (angioblasts), and angiogenesis, sprouting of new vessels from existing blood vessels (Ashton, 1966;Ashton, 1970;Flower et al, 1985;McLeod et al, 1987;Kretzer and Hittner, 1988;Chan-Ling et al, 1990;Jiang et al, 1995;Risau and Flamme, 1995;Risau, 1997;Hughes et al, 2000). "Spindle-cells", so called for their shape, have been identified within the inner plexiform layer of the immature mammalian retina (Flower et al, 1985;McLeod et al, 1987;Stone and Dreher, 1987;Watanabe and Raff, 1988;Hughes et al, 2000;Taomoto et al, 2000).…”

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"Spindle-cells", so called for their shape, have been identified within the inner plexiform layer of the immature mammalian retina (Flower et al, 1985;McLeod et al, 1987;Stone and Dreher, 1987;Watanabe and Raff, 1988;Hughes et al, 2000;Taomoto et al, 2000). These cells are purported to coalesce to form vascular cords, which subsequently form the patent vessels that constitute the superficial vascular plexus.…”

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease

Penn

Madan

Caldwell

et al. 2008

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

612

527

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Collectively, angiogenic ocular conditions represent the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in developed countries. In the U.S., for example, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are the principal causes of blindness in the infant, working age and elderly populations, respectively. Evidence suggests that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a 40 kDa dimeric glycoprotein, promotes angiogenesis in each of these conditions, making it a highly significant therapeutic target. However, VEGF is pleiotropic, affecting a broad spectrum of endothelial, neuronal and glial behaviors, and confounding the validity of anti-VEGF strategies, particularly under chronic disease conditions. In fact, among other functions VEGF can influence cell proliferation, cell migration, proteolysis, cell survival and vessel permeability in a wide variety of biological contexts. This article will describe the roles played by VEGF in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The potential disadvantages of inhibiting VEGF will be discussed, as will the rationales for targeting other VEGF-related modulators of angiogenesis.

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“…vasculogenesis (McLeod et al, 1987(McLeod et al, , 1996Lutty and McLeod, 1992). ADPase is now known to be CD39, a marker for vascular precursors (angioblasts) before, during, and after their differentiation and organization into primordial capillaries (McLeod et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The embryonic human choriocapillaris develops by hemo‐vasculogenesis

Hasegawa

McLeod

Bhutto

et al. 2007

Developmental Dynamics

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The purpose of this study was to characterize normal human choroidal vascular development from 6 -23 weeks gestation (WG). Markers of endothelial cells (EC) (CD34, CD31, vWf), angioblasts and EC (CD39), leukocytes (CD45), erythroblasts (epsilon chain of hemoglobin, Hb-e), proliferating cells (Ki67), and VEGFR-2 were employed. At 6 -7 WG, many erythroblasts were observed within islands of precursor cells in the choriocapillaris layer and others were independent from the islands. Many erythroblasts (Hb-⑀ ؉ ) were also positive for EC markers and/or VEGFR-2. By 8 -12 WG, most of the Hb-⑀ cells had disappeared and vascular lumens became apparent. At 14 -23 WG, some EC were proliferating on the scleral side of choriocapillaris in association with forming deeper vessels. In conclusion, embryonic choriocapillaris appears to form initially by hemo-vasculogenesis (blood vessels and blood cells form simultaneously from common precursors) while angiogenesis appears to be the mode of intermediate and large choroidal vessel development in the fetus.

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Visualization of a developing vasculature

Cited by 74 publications

References 20 publications

The fractal properties of retinal vessels: Embryological and clinical implications

The fractal properties of retinal vessels: Embryological and clinical implications

Vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease

The embryonic human choriocapillaris develops by hemo‐vasculogenesis

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