Visualization and PTV Study of Natural Convection in Particle Suspensions. Simultaneous Measurements of Velocity, Temperature and Interface between Particle-Free Fluid and Suspension.

Chen, Bin; Mikami, Fumihiko; Nishikawa, Nobuhide

doi:10.1299/kikaib.64.2852

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The few existing works can be attributed to Okada (1996Okada ( , 1997Okada ( , 1998aOkada ( , 1998bOkada ( , 1999 and his co-workers, Chen (1998), Suzuki (1996), Kang (2001aKang ( , 2001b, Hattori (2001) and Mikami (2001). They performed a natural convection experiments in an (initial) suspension of water-fine particles in a rectangular vessel heated from below and with both vertical walls cooled.…”

Section: Natural Convection With Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiolytically-induced novel materials and their application to waste processing. Final report

Bertino¹,

Tokuhiro²,

Tokuhiro³

2007

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SUMMARYIn the present NEER project we investigated two different types of gel materials with respect to potential applications in environmental remediation, including mixed waste generated from the nuclear fuel cycles. The materials under study were: 1) silica-polymer based aerogel composites into which specific metallic cations diffuse into and remain, and 2) polymer gels made of thermo-sensitive polymer networks, whose functional groups can be 'tailored' to have a preferred affinity for specific cations, again diffusing into and remaining in the network under a volumetrically, contractive phase-transition. The molecular, diffusion of specific cations, including those of concern in low-level waste streams, into the gel materials studied here indicates that a scaled, engineered system can be designed so that it is passive; that is, minimal (human) intervention and risk would be involved in encapsulating LLW species. In addition, the gel materials hold potential significance in environmental remediation of and recovery of metallic cations identified in respective domains and physico-chemical processes.In brief, silica gels start as aqueous/liquid solutions of base catalyzed silica hydrogels and metal ions (targeted species), such as silver. The metal ions are reduced radiolytically and migrate through the solution to form clusters. Upon post-irradiation processing, aerogel monoliths, extremely lightweight but mechanically strong, that encapsulate the metals are produced. Interestingly the radiolytic or photonic source can be gamma-rays and/or other rays from 'artificial sources', such as reactors, or 'inherent sources' like those characterizing mixed waste.Polymer gels, in contrast exhibit thermally-induced volumetric contraction at 20°-50ºC by expelling water from the gels' physical state. Further, some functional groups that capture di-or tri-valent cations from aqueous solutions can be incorporated into the polymer networks on synthesis, including by radiolytic means. These polymer gels retain cations after volumetric contraction and have the ability to trap solid particulates in liquid waste streams. With both silica and polymer gels, functional design of a prototypic 'recovery' systems, such as by natural convection in a rectangular cell, appears possible.Additional and specific details are provided in the rest of this Final Report. Student ParticipationThe present NEER project attracted an unexpected number of students who contributed to the success of the project. Table 1 provides a list of students who participated. Many were supported in some form from the grant or via additional funds leveraged with the grant. Theses CompletedThe following Master's theses that were directly related to the project were completed. Conference PresentationsA. Tokuhiro, M. Bertino and T. Tokuhiro, Results to date on radiolytic processing of solid particulae waste using polymer and silica gel materials , ANS Winter Meeting, Washington DC, November, 2005 T. Tokuhiro, A. T. Tokuhiro, S. S. Akella*, J. W. Carey*. Metal bind...

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Section: Natural Convection With Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiolytically-induced novel materials and their application to waste processing. Final report

Bertino¹,

Tokuhiro²,

Tokuhiro³

2007

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“…The effects of Stokes falling velocity and ions in the suspension on the disappearance of layers were investigated. Chen and colleagues [7] visualized velocity and temperature fields of natural convection of a suspension by using PTV and explained the process of the formation and disappearance of two layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural convection of a water‐fine particle suspension in a rectangular cell heated and cooled from opposing vertical walls: The effect of distribution of particle size

Okada

Kang

Oyama

et al. 2001

Heat Trans. Asian Res.

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A water-fine particle suspension with a uniform initial temperature and concentration in a rectangular cell was heated from a vertical wall and cooled from the opposing vertical wall. The dispersed particles had a distribution in size. In this natural convection, many layers separated by almost-horizontal sharp interfaces were observed. In the beginning many layers appear, and each interface of the layers falls gradually with a constant velocity, and finally all layers vanish. To clarify this phenomenon, concentrations and mean diameters of the particles in each layer and temperature distributions were measured. Moreover, natural convection of the other suspension with particles which had a narrow size distribution was also investigated.

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Natural convection of water–fine particle suspension in a rectangular vessel heated and cooled from opposing vertical walls (classification of the natural convection in the case of suspension with a narrow-size distribution)

Kang

Okada

Hattori

et al. 2001

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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Visualization and PTV Study of Natural Convection in Particle Suspensions. Simultaneous Measurements of Velocity, Temperature and Interface between Particle-Free Fluid and Suspension.

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Radiolytically-induced novel materials and their application to waste processing. Final report

Radiolytically-induced novel materials and their application to waste processing. Final report

Natural convection of a water‐fine particle suspension in a rectangular cell heated and cooled from opposing vertical walls: The effect of distribution of particle size

Natural convection of water–fine particle suspension in a rectangular vessel heated and cooled from opposing vertical walls (classification of the natural convection in the case of suspension with a narrow-size distribution)

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