Visualization and comparison of methane and hydrogen jet dynamics using schlieren imaging

Yeganeh, Maryam; Cheng, Qiang; Dharamsi, Aishwarya; Karimkashi, Shervin; Kuusela-Opas, Juho; Kaario, Ossi; Larmi, Martti

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125762

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Despite its relatively shorter axial penetration, the H 2 jet displays a wider radial distribution, as evidenced by its larger spreading angle in Figure b, which presents the average jet spread angles over time for the different jets. The observations align with previous studies that have attributed the differences in penetration distance of nonreacting gas jets to Graham’s law . Graham’s law states that the rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight.…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The penetration of the gas jet ( S ) and its cone angle (θ) impact ambient gas entrainment and fuel-air mixing, which, in turn, affect combustion quality . For this work, the gas jet penetration refers to the axial distance between the jet tip and injector nozzle, while the gas jet cone angle represents the angle of the cone formed by the jet contour .…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The penetration of the gas jet (S) and its cone angle (θ) impact ambient gas entrainment and fuel-air mixing, which, in turn, affect combustion quality. 30 For this work, the gas jet penetration refers to the axial distance between the jet tip and injector nozzle, while the gas jet cone angle represents the angle of the cone formed by the jet contour. 31 Following previous studies, 20,31 the angle is estimated by measuring the projected jet area (A) up to a point halfway along the jet penetration and is calculated using trigonometry, approximating the projected area as a perfect triangle = i k j j j j j j j j j j y…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observations align with previous studies that have attributed the differences in penetration distance of nonreacting gas jets to Graham's law. 30 Graham's law states that the rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight. In this context, H 2 , having the lowest molecular weight among the gases, exhibits the widest dispersion in the same ambient medium and appears to align with Graham's law.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ignition and Combustion Characterization of Hydrogen/Methane Blends in Direct-Injection Compression-Ignition Conditions

Wan,

Lin,

Zhai

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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This work investigates the jet penetration, ignition, and combustion characteristics of methane (CH4), hydrogen–methane blend (H2–CH4), and hydrogen (H2) under various simulated direct-injection compression-ignition engine-relevant conditions. High-speed schlieren, pressure trace, and photodiode measurements were employed within a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). Experimental parameters were set to fixed values of the ambient density (24 kg/m3), oxygen concentration (21%), and reservoir pressure (20 MPa). The ambient temperature was maintained at 1060 K, a condition at which the jets were previously observed to exhibit varied ignition and flame stabilization behaviors. The study begins with an analysis of the injection system and nonreactive fuel jet penetration. The measurements show that introducing H2 into CH4 consistently reduces the ignition delay and shifts the ignition location upstream. Optical imaging shows that all fuel jets exhibit different ignition patterns, namely, single-kernel, multi-kernel, and voluminous ignition patterns, with proportion-dependent on fuel compositions. The ignition pattern, as well as fuel composition, appear to impact the ensuing apparent heat release and flame stabilization characteristics. Flame luminosity measurements show the H2 jet yielding the strongest broad-band emission among tested fuels.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ignition and Combustion Characterization of Hydrogen/Methane Blends in Direct-Injection Compression-Ignition Conditions

Wan,

Lin,

Zhai

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…Based on the injection strategy, combustion modes of the H2 ICEs can be categorized in either port fuel injection (PFI) or direct injection (DI) type. Considering the above-mentioned concerns, DI application with the spark ignition (SI) is more favorable because it can offer a higher output power by a longer fuel circuit from the inlet to the exhaust and better volumetric efficiency compared to the PFI [9][10] [11][12]. The other advantages of DI are preventing backfire into the intake manifold and the possibility of a cold-rated spark to minimize H2 diffusion to hot spots and subsequently engine knocking [13] [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Study of a Low-Pressure Hydrogen Jet under the Effect of Nozzle Geometry and Pressure Ratio

Yeganeh¹,

Rabensteiner²,

Karimkashi³

et al. 2023

SAE Technical Paper Series

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Hydrogen (H2), a potential carbon-neutral fuel, has attracted considerable attention in the automotive industry for transition toward zero-emission. Since the H2 jet dynamics play a significant role in the fuel/air mixing process of direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines, the current study focuses on experimental and numerical investigation of a low-pressure H2 jet to assess its mixing behavior. In the experimental campaign, high-speed z-type schlieren imaging is applied in a constant volume chamber and H2 jet characteristics (penetration and cross-sectional area) are calculated by MATLAB and Python-based image post-processing. In addition, the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) approach is used in the commercial software Star-CCM+ for numerical simulations. The H2 jet dynamics is investigated under the effect of nozzle geometry (single-hole, double-hole, and multiple-hole (5-hole)), which constitutes the novelty of the present research, and pressure ratio (PR = injection pressure (Pi) / chamber pressure (Pch)). The results show that the H2 jet from the single-hole nozzle possesses the fastest penetration and smallest cross-sectional area. On the contrary, the H2 jet from the double-hole nozzle possesses the slowest penetration and largest cross-sectional area. The H2 jet from the multiple-hole nozzle shows characteristics between those of the single-hole and double-hole. Overall, since higher pressure ratio and larger jet cross-sectional area lead to higher uniformity of the fuel/air mixture, high-pressure injection with the double-hole nozzle seems more advantageous to attain efficient mixing.</div></div>

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Experimental study on the effects of methane-hydrogen jet as direct injected fuel in marine diesel engine

Abdelhameed

Tashima

2023

Energy

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Visualization and comparison of methane and hydrogen jet dynamics using schlieren imaging

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Ignition and Combustion Characterization of Hydrogen/Methane Blends in Direct-Injection Compression-Ignition Conditions

Ignition and Combustion Characterization of Hydrogen/Methane Blends in Direct-Injection Compression-Ignition Conditions

Experimental and Numerical Study of a Low-Pressure Hydrogen Jet under the Effect of Nozzle Geometry and Pressure Ratio

Experimental study on the effects of methane-hydrogen jet as direct injected fuel in marine diesel engine

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