Visualising space and time in crime patterns: A comparison of methods

Brunsdon, Chris; Corcoran, Jonathan; Higgs, Gary

doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2005.07.009

Cited by 153 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The comap approach (Brunsdon, 2001;Brunsdon et al, 2007) is an extension of Cleveland's (1993) coplot. The concept of each of these approaches is founded on the idea of using`small multiples' to emphasise variation in pattern (Tufte, 1990).…”

Section: Comap Visualisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of weather on local geographical patterns of police calls for service

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The effect of weather elements on the incidence of different types of crime has been the focus of a number of research studies. However, the detailed geographical dimension of this relationship has been largely ignored. The aim of this paper is to broaden the research on weather and crime to consider the effect of weather parameters on the spatial arrangement of crime within an urban area of the UK. A novel combination of techniques that are capable of both evaluating statistically and visualising geographically the effect of weather variables on the incidence of one type of crime, namely calls for police service for disorder or disturbances, is presented. These techniques are examined in relation to the theories that have traditionally been put forward to explain such trends. We conclude that, in our study area, both temperature and humidity exert significant effects on the spatial patterning of incidents of disorder or disturbances. Rainfall, wind speed, and wind direction were found not to have a significant effect for this type of call for service. More research is needed to see how transferable these findings are to other geographical areas with different climatic regimes.

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Section: Comap Visualisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of weather on local geographical patterns of police calls for service

et al. 2009

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“…The potential of an animation to illuminate spatio-temporal trends has been widely noted in research (Brunsdon et al 2007;Li 2005;Ratcliffe, 2010;). Animations are relatively underutilized in crime analysis (Brunsdon et al 2007) due to lack of sophisticated, easy to use products and training and tools to produce them (Ratcliffe, 2010).…”

Section: Animationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animations are relatively underutilized in crime analysis (Brunsdon et al 2007) due to lack of sophisticated, easy to use products and training and tools to produce them (Ratcliffe, 2010). The open source code library published by Roth, et al (2010) will be employed in this project to create a custom animation with advanced features such as the interactive temporal histogram in addition to the requisite VCR controls (R. E. Roth 2009).…”

Section: Animationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…KDE has been extended to analyse crime rates by an isosurface approach (Brunsdon et al 2007) or a volume rendering approach (Nakaya and Yano 2010) may be taken to approximately represent it.…”

Section: Kernel Density Estimation: Kernel Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, crime analysis has suffered from abstracting the spatial aspect of crime from its temporal aspects. Better understanding of the distribution of crime incidents over time, termed the temporal signature of crime (Ratcliffe 2010), has potential to further the understanding of crime patterns and the prevention of crime and criminality in general (Ratcliffe 2010;Nakaya and Yano 2010;Brunsdon et al 2007;Roth, et al 2010). SpatioTemporal Data Mining is the extraction of latent knowledge, relationships or patterns from spatial-temporal datasets (Yao 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Space-Time Analysis of Crime Patterns in Central London

Cheng

Williams

2012

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Crime continues to cast a shadow over citizen well-being in big cities today, while also imposing huge economic and social costs. Timely understanding of how criminality emerges and how crime patterns evolve is crucial to anticipating crime, dealing with it when it occurs and developing public confidence in the police service. Every day, about 10,000 crime incidents are reported by citizens, recorded and geo-referenced in the London Metropolitan Police Service Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) database. The unique nature of this dataset allows the patterns to be explored at particularly fine temporal granularity and at multiple spatial resolutions. This study provides a framework for the exploratory spatio-temporal analysis of crime patterns that combines visual inquiry tools (interactive animations, space-time cubes and map matrices) with cluster analysis (spatial-temporal scan statistics and the self-organizing map). This framework is tested on the CAD dataset for the London Borough of Camden in March 2010. Patterns of crime through space and time are discovered and the clustering methods were evaluated on their ability to facilitate the discovery and interpretation of these patterns.

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Density Estimation

Ren

2017

International Encyclopedia of Geography

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Density estimation seeks to construct a probability density function from a sample. Given its power in data visualization and exploration, density estimation methods have been widely used in many research fields that involve spatially referenced data, such as medical geography, criminology, ecology, and traffic analysis. By converting a set of discrete geographic events or features into a continuous field, density estimation helps identify the spatial patterns embedded in data and circumvents the analytical challenges raised by aggregation.

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Visualising space and time in crime patterns: A comparison of methods

Cited by 153 publications

References 27 publications

The influence of weather on local geographical patterns of police calls for service

The influence of weather on local geographical patterns of police calls for service

Space-Time Analysis of Crime Patterns in Central London

Density Estimation

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