Visualisation of the distribution of minerals in red non-tannin finger millet using PIXE microanalysis

Kruger, Johanita; Pineda-Vargas, C.A.; Minnis‐Ndimba, Roya; Taylor, John R.N.

doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2014.04.005

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…[21].In vitro iron and zinc bioaccessibility was determined according to the dialysis method of Luten et al [22] with minor modifications as described by Kruger et al [23]. The collected digested sample (dialysate) was acidified with 0.002 ml 65% nitric acid/ml dialysate, to ensure all minerals remained in solution and analysed by ICP-OES .Enzymes and reagents used were porcine pepsin and pancreatin (Sigma, Johannesburg), dialysis tubing (Spectra/Por 7 (Ø = 20.4 mm) with a molecular mass cut-off (MMCO) of 10000 Da) (GIS, Johannesburg).…”

Section: Mineral Contents Bioaccessibilities Analyses and Mineral Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential contribution of African green leafy vegetables and maize porridge composite meals to iron and zinc nutrition

et al. 2015

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Highlights• This study investigated the mineral nutritional value of green leafy vegetable (GLV) dishes and composite and maize porridge meals.• GLV dishes contained average amounts of zinc, but were high in both iron and antinutrients.• Compositing the GLV dishes with fortified maize porridge decreased the iron and zinc contents.• The low antinutrient content of the maize porridge, led to increased amounts of bioaccessible iron and zinc in the meals. AbstractObjectives: This study aimed to determine the mineral nutritive value of different traditional African green leafy vegetable (GLV) dishes and their composite meals with fortified and unfortified maize porridge.Methods: The mineral (Fe, Zn and Ca) and anti-nutrient (phytate, total phenolics and tannins) contents and the in vitro bioaccessibility of iron and zinc were analysed. The iron and zinc contents

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Section: Mineral Contents Bioaccessibilities Analyses and Mineral Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential contribution of African green leafy vegetables and maize porridge composite meals to iron and zinc nutrition

et al. 2015

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“…The mapping of minerals in seed tissues has been achieved in several notable studies, which include work on important cereals, such as wheat [8,9], barley [10] and rice [11,12]; as well as certain pseudocereals [13][14][15] and legumes [16,17]. To our knowledge, the only studies reporting on the spatial distribution of mineral elements in millet, include a recent study using micro-proton-induced Xray emission (micro-PIXE) for finger millet [18] and a much earlier study on pearl millet, using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) [19]. With a view to complement the previous work done on mineral distribution in millet grains, the present study was initiated, which seeks to interrogate differences in the mineral concentration of two cultivars of pearl millet, at the level of the main grain tissues, using micro-PIXE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-PIXE mapping of mineral distribution in mature grain of two pearl millet cultivars

Minnis‐Ndimba

Kruger

Taylor

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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Micro-proton-induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE) was used to map the distribution of several nutritionally important minerals found in the grain tissue of two cultivars of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.). The distribution maps revealed that the predominant localisation of mineral elements was within the germ (consisting of the scutellum and embryo) and the outer grain layers (specifically the pericarp and aleurone); whilst the bulk of the endosperm tissue featured relatively low concentrations of the surveyed minerals. Within the germ, the scutellum was revealed as a major storage tissue for P and K; whilst Ca, Mn and Zn were more prominent within the embryo. Fe was revealed to have a distinctive distribution pattern, confined to the dorsal end of the scutellum; but was also highly concentrated in the outer grain layers. Interestingly, the hilar region was also revealed as a site of high accumulation of mineral elements, particularly for S, Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn, which may be part of a defensive strategy against infection or damage. Differences between the two cultivars, in terms of the bulk Fe and P content obtained via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), concurred with the average concentration data determined from the analysis of micro-PIXE spectra specifically extracted from the endosperm tissue.

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“…This was 10 As a result, the maximum of the elemental concentration scales (perpendicular Zdirection scale of the contour plots) on the elemental maps were adjusted to ensure that the mineral distribution in the cotyledons of the normal and HTC cowpeas were comparable and clear, despite overexposure or underexposure of the seed coats. This adjustment together with natural variation of the mineral 11 distribution in a seed coat (Kruger et al, 2014), resulted in the PIXE data on the mineral distribution in the seed coats not being used in this study.…”

Section: Effect Of the Htc Defect On The Mineral Distribution Within mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel in situ evaluation of the role minerals play in the development of the hard-to-cook (HTC) defect of cowpeas and its effect on the in vitro mineral bioaccessibility

et al. 2015

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Highlights• We visualised in situ mineral distribution in cowpea with PIXE.• We evaluated the effect of the hard-to-cook (HTC) phenomenon on mineral distribution.• HTC defect increased Ca and Mg contents in the cell wall-middle lamella of parenchyma cells.• Results confirm phytate-phytase-mineral hypothesis as a probable mechanisms of HTC defect. AbstractCowpea is a nutritionally important drought-resistant legume in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is, however, underutilised, in part due to the hard-to-cook (HTC) defect caused by adverse storage conditions resulting in seeds not softening during cooking. This study introduced a novel evaluation of the potential role that minerals play in the development of the HTC defect. The mineral distribution in the cotyledons of normal and HTC cowpeas were analysed by Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) spectrometry. The phytate, tannin and total phenolic contents were analysed together with in vitro mineral bioaccessibility. In HTC cowpeas, Ca and Mg were more concentrated in the cell wall-middle lamella area of the parenchyma cells. This, together with the reduction in phytate content, confirmed 1 the ‗ph ytase-phytate-mineral' hypothesis as a mechanism for development of the HTC defect. Despite the phytate reduction in stored cowpeas, the HTC defect decreased the bioaccessibility of Ca, Fe and Zn in cowpeas.

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Visualisation of the distribution of minerals in red non-tannin finger millet using PIXE microanalysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Potential contribution of African green leafy vegetables and maize porridge composite meals to iron and zinc nutrition

Potential contribution of African green leafy vegetables and maize porridge composite meals to iron and zinc nutrition

Micro-PIXE mapping of mineral distribution in mature grain of two pearl millet cultivars

Novel in situ evaluation of the role minerals play in the development of the hard-to-cook (HTC) defect of cowpeas and its effect on the in vitro mineral bioaccessibility

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