Visual vs. verbal stimulus set in a letter-classification task

Image generation in a letter-classification task

“…This does not detract from their theoretical importance. Third, the present results agree with the earlier accuracy findings of Herzog (1976) and Pachella (1975). Methodological reservations about the earlier studies notwithstanding, all three studies point to the theoretically interesting IMAGE GENERATION 219 conclusion that image generation can be demonstrated with an accuracy measure.…”

“…The present results also indicate that a prioralternative letter, regardless of its onset asynchrony or typecase, implicitly biases subjects toward reporting that the target letter has the same identity as the prior alternative. Herzog (1976) reported a similar finding. There has been a long-standing controversy in the selective-perception literature over whether set affects perception or simply biases responses.…”

“…For the B' H means, one comparison was between the control condition and the combined opposite-and same-case conditions. From earlier work (Herzog, 1976), it was expected that either type of prior alternative would induce a bias toward classifying the target in the same half of the alphabet as the alternative, but no such bias should occur in the control condition. Hence, this comparison was expected to be significant.…”

“…Although several studies using accuracy measures of performance in marginal viewing conditions have obtained results compatible with an imagegeneration process (Egeth· & Smith, 1967;Gummerman, 1971;Long, Reid, & Henneman, 1960;Taylor & Reilly, 1970), few have examined both short and long onset asynchronies. Herzog (1976) looked at an "immediate" and a "delayed" condition, but his onset asynchronies were not precisely controlled. Pachella (1975) used two onset asynchronies, but both were quite long (6 and 15 sec) relative to the asynchronies in the Posner studies.…”