Visual system of the stalk-eyed fly,Cyrtodiopsis quinqueguttata (Diopsidae, Diptera): an anatomical investigation of unusual eyes

Buschbeck, Elke K.; Hoy, Ronald R.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4695(19981115)37:3<449::aid-neu10>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Wing displays play a central role in visual courtship communications in several families of Diptera (3,19,32,(41)(42)(43)(44) as well as many other insects, and have been suggested as one of the drivers of the initial evolution of the insect wing (45). However, all research to date on the evolution of Diptera wings and courtship has focused solely on pigment patterns-phrased by the authors as "evolution in black and white" (3,6,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable structural color patterns displayed on transparent insect wings

Shevtsova

Hansson

Janzen

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

237

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Color patterns play central roles in the behavior of insects, and are important traits for taxonomic studies. Here we report striking and stable structural color patterns-wing interference patterns (WIPs) -in the transparent wings of small Hymenoptera and Diptera, patterns that have been largely overlooked by biologists. These extremely thin wings reflect vivid color patterns caused by thin film interference. The visibility of these patterns is affected by the way the insects display their wings against various backgrounds with different light properties. The specific color sequence displayed lacks pure red and matches the color vision of most insects, strongly suggesting that the biological significance of WIPs lies in visual signaling. Taxon-specific color patterns are formed by uneven membrane thickness, pigmentation, venation, and hair placement. The optically refracted pattern is also stabilized by microstructures of the wing such as membrane corrugations and spherical cell structures that reinforce the pattern and make it essentially noniridescent over a large range of light incidences. WIPs can be applied to map the micromorphology of wings through direct observation and are useful in several fields of biology. We demonstrate their usefulness as identification patterns to solve cases of cryptic species complexes in tiny parasitic wasps, and indicate their potentials for research on the genetic control of wing development through direct links between the transregulatory wing landscape and interference patterns we observe in Drosophila model species. Some species display sexually dimorphic WIPs, suggesting sexual selection as one of the driving forces for their evolution.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable structural color patterns displayed on transparent insect wings

Shevtsova

Hansson

Janzen

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

237

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, DVE expression along the medial edge of the antennal disc continues along the medial edge of the intervening region between the eye and antennal disc. This region, which first appears in the second larval instar, is highly characteristic of Diopsid eye-antennal discs (Buschbeck and Hoy 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of defective proventriculus during head capsule development is conserved in Drosophila and stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypercephaly, in the form of lateral extensions of the head capsule, is observed in several families of Diptera. A particularly exaggerated form is found in Diopsid stalk-eyed flies, in which both eyes and antennae are laterally displaced at the end of stalks. The processes of early development and specification of the head capsule in stalk-eyed flies are similar to those in Drosophila melanogaster. In Drosophila the homeobox gene ocelliless (oc) shows a mediolateral gradient of expression across the region of the eye-antennal imaginal disc that gives rise to the head capsule and specifies the development of different head structures. The genes and developmental mechanisms that subsequently define head shape in Drosophila and produce hypercephaly in stalk-eyed flies remain unclear. To address this, we performed an enhancer trap screen for Drosophila genes expressed in the same region as oc and identified the homeobox gene defective proventriculus (dve). In the eye-antennal imaginal disc, dve is coexpressed with oc in the region that gives rise to the head capsule and is active along the medial edge of the antennal disc and in the first antennal segment. Analyses of dve expression in mutant eye-antennal discs are consistent with it acting downstream of oc in the development of the head capsule. We confirm that orthologues of dve are present in a diverse panel of five stalk-eyed fly species and analyse patterns of dve sequence variation within the clade. Our results indicate that dve expression and sequence are both highly conserved in stalk-eyed flies.

show abstract

“…Again, we cannot exclude the presence of very minor attachments that may tear without notice; however, those certainly would not be strong enough to apply tension to the nerve, which contains hundreds of fibers (Buschbeck and Hoy 1998). At the early stage of 60% pupal development, the optic nerve is already clearly longer than the surrounding cuticular stalk and unfolds readily after removal from its shell (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This statement reflects current views in the literature, which focus on isolated cultured cells. In contrast to those studies, we focused on the in vivo growth of an entire nerve that is comprised of hundreds of fibers (Buschbeck and Hoy 1998). In the first part of this paper, we looked for the possibility of attachments of the optic nerve to surrounding structures during its development as well as in freshly emerged adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our staining, however, only reflects the general distribution within the optic nerve as a whole, where a certain base level of actin an tubulin is expected. On the other hand, there are hundreds of fibers within the optic nerve (Buschbeck and Hoy 1998), all of which have to lengthen at the same rate. While most of the neurons project from the optic lobe to the brain, other neurons are centrifugal, originating centrally and projecting into the optic lobe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The development of a long, coiled, optic nerve in the stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis whitei

Buschbeck

Hoy

2005

Cell Tissue Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis whitei (Diopsidae; Diptera), the relatively long optic nerve develops within the tight lumen of a very short eyestalk. Axonal growth is generally considered in terms of path finding, selective fasciculation, and towing. Physical forces that are necessary for axon lengthening are generated either by the growth cone or by the growth of surrounding tissues. Therefore, it is surprising to encounter a loosely coiled nerve apparently lacking any attachments that could allow for pull, or towing, of the nerve. In this study, we used histological sections and whole-mount preparations to confirm that the optic nerve of the stalk-eyed fly indeed elongates without the external application of tension to the nerve. Secondly, we examined the distribution of cytoskeletal elements and selected proteins that may be involved in axon extension. Staining against the vesicle fusion proteins SNAP-24 and SNAP-25 consistently results in stronger staining in the rapidly extending optic nerve than in a control nerve, suggesting a possible role of these proteins in the extension process. On a gross morphological level, SNAP-24/25 as well as the cytoskeletal elements actin and tubulin are uniformly distributed throughout the lengths of the growing nerve, suggesting that nerve elongation is distributed rather than localized. Finally, we identified glia as a possible source for tension within the nerve bundle. Glia proliferate rapidly in the optic nerve but not in the control nerve. Much work continues to focus on the growth of axons in culture, but this study is one of the few that considers the dynamics of nerve bundle extension as a whole.

show abstract

Visual system of the stalk-eyed fly,Cyrtodiopsis quinqueguttata (Diopsidae, Diptera): an anatomical investigation of unusual eyes

Cited by 29 publications

References 64 publications

Stable structural color patterns displayed on transparent insect wings

Stable structural color patterns displayed on transparent insect wings

Expression of defective proventriculus during head capsule development is conserved in Drosophila and stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)

The development of a long, coiled, optic nerve in the stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis whitei

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About