Visual stability

Melcher, David

doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0277

Cited by 65 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The observation of shifts of neuronal receptive fields in the direction of intended saccades (Duhamel, Colby, & Goldberg, 1992) generated a renewed interest for the problem of visual stability across saccades from this perspective (Melcher & Colby, 2008;Wurtz, 2008;Cavanagh, Hunt, Afraz, & Rolfs, 2010;Melcher, 2011). This Bremapping of receptive fieldsĥ as been associated with shifts in the perceived positions of peri-saccadically presented targets (Ross, Morrone, Goldberg, & Burr, 2001).…”

Section: Fig 1 Saccadic Stimulus Presentation Paradigm (Sspp) Used Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinotopy of visual masking and non-retinotopic perception during masking

Noory

Herzog

Öğmen

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Due to the movements of the observer and those of objects in the environment, retinotopic representations are highly unstable during ecological viewing conditions. The phenomenal stability of our perception suggests that retinotopic representations are transformed into nonretinotopic representations. It remains to show, however, which visual processes operate under retinotopic representations and which ones operate under non-retinotopic representations. Visual masking refers to the reduced visibility of one stimulus, called the target, due to the presence of a second stimulus, called the mask. Masking has been used extensively to study the dynamic aspects of visual perception. Previous studies using Saccadic Stimulus Presentation Paradigm (SSPP) suggested both retinotopic and non-retinotopic bases for visual masking. In order to understand how the visual system deals with retinotopic changes induced by moving targets, we investigated the retinotopy of visual masking and the fate of masked targets under conditions that do not involve eye movements. We have developed a series of experiments based on a radial Ternus-Pikler display. In this paradigm, the perceived Ternus-Pikler motion is used as a non-retinotopic reference frame to pit retinotopic against non-retinotopic visual masking hypothesis. Our results indicate that both metacontrast and structure masking are retinotopic. We also show that, under conditions that allow observers to read-out effectively non-retinotopic feature attribution, the target becomes visible at a destination different from its retinotopic/ spatiotopic location. We discuss the implications of our findings within the context of ecological vision and dynamic form perception.

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Section: Fig 1 Saccadic Stimulus Presentation Paradigm (Sspp) Used Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinotopy of visual masking and non-retinotopic perception during masking

Noory

Herzog

Öğmen

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…An example is our ability to avoid colliding with moving obstacles while walking down the street. This capacity for visual stability is all the more mysterious given that the visual system encodes information in retinal coordinates (for review: see Melcher and Colby 2008;Melcher 2011). How do we successfully perceive motion in allocentric/spatiotopic coordinates?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Remapping of the line motion illusion across eye movements

Melcher

Fracasso

2012

Exp Brain Res

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Although motion processing in the brain has been classically studied in terms of retinotopically defined receptive fields, recent evidence suggests that motion perception can occur in a spatiotopic reference frame. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of spatiotopic motion perception by examining the role of saccade metrics as well as the capacity of trans-saccadic motion. To this end, we used the line motion illusion (LMI), in which a straight line briefly shown after a high contrast stimulus (inducer) is perceived as expanding away from the inducer position. This illusion provides an interesting test of spatiotopic motion because the neural correlates of this phenomenon have been found early in the visual cortex and the effect does not require focused attention. We measured the strength of LMI both with stable fixation and when participants were asked to perform a 10° saccade during the blank ISI between the inducer and the line. A strong motion illusion was found across saccades in spatiotopic coordinates. When the inducer was presented near in time to the saccade cue, saccadic latencies were longer, saccade amplitudes were shorter, and the strength of reported LMI was consistently reduced. We also measured the capacity of the trans-saccadic LMI by varying the number of inducers. In contrast to a visual-spatial memory task, we found that the LMI was largely eliminated by saccades when two or more inducers were displayed. Together, these results suggest that motion perceived in non-retinotopic coordinates depends on an active, saccade-dependent remapping process with a strictly limited capacity.

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“…Predictive remapping, which is thought to occur in certain retinotopic areas of the visual system, is a transient change in receptive fields that takes place just before the initiation of a saccade (for a review of the neuroscience of remapping, see Hall & Colby, 2011; for a review of relevant computation models, see Hamker, Zirnsak, Ziesche, & Lappe, 2011). During predictive remapping, a cell may begin to respond presaccadically to the region of the scene that will lie within its classic receptive field after the saccade has been executed (see, e.g., Heiser, Berman, Saunders, & Colby, 2005;Kusunoki & Goldberg, 2003;Melcher, 2011). This region is sometimes referred to as the cell's 'future field' (see Fig.…”

Section: Predictive Remappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientists have considered how this may be achieved at least since the 11 th century, when Persian scholar Alhazen speculated about how shifts of the eye might be distinguished from the external movements of objects (Alhazen, 1083 as cited in Melcher, 2011; for historical reviews of this topic, see Grüsser, 1995;Bridgeman, 2007).…”

Section: Phenomenal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transsaccadic processing: stability, integration, and the potential role of remapping

Higgins

Rayner

2014

Atten Percept Psychophys

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While our frequent saccades allow us to sample the complex visual environment in a highly efficient manner, they also raise certain challenges for interpreting and acting upon visual input. In the present, selective review, we discuss key findings from the domains of cognitive psychology, visual perception, and neuroscience concerning two such challenges: (1) maintaining the phenomenal experience of visual stability despite our rapidly shifting gaze, and (2) integrating visual information across discrete fixations. In the first two sections of the article, we focus primarily on behavioral findings. Next, we examine the possibility that a neural phenomenon known as predictive remapping may provide an explanation for aspects of transsaccadic processing. In this section of the article, we delineate and critically evaluate multiple proposals about the potential role of predictive remapping in light of both theoretical principles and empirical findings.Keywords Eye movements . Predictive remapping . Saccades . Transsaccadic integration . Transsaccadic perception . Transsaccadic processing . Visual stability During waking hours, our eyes dart from one location to the next about three times every second (Schiller, 1998). These fast, darting movements called saccades take place in alternating sequence with short periods known as fixations when the eyes remain relatively still. It is during fixations that we obtain useful information from the visual world, viewing a sort of 'snapshot' of the scene from the current vantage point (Neisser, 1967). Because only the fovea, a central region of the retina spanning about 2°of visual angle, is specialized for high acuity processing, we acquire detailed visual information from only a small part of the world during any given fixation (Jones & Higgins, 1947).Saccades allow the proximal stimulus of vision, the retinal image, to be selected quickly and efficiently based on processing requirements. Both the locations we fixate and the durations of our fixations reflect online selection of critical information from the visual environment (for reviews, see Rayner, 1998Rayner, , 2009). This seems an enormously beneficial attribute of the system. Our continually shifting gaze, however, also raises potential challenges for interpreting and acting upon the information acquired.First, the mobility of the eye raises the question of how we plan actions based on visual position information. Because our eyes move frequently about, a given retinal location does not map onto a unique location in space relative to the arms, legs, or other motor effectors. Therefore, some means of tracking the eye's current position relative to the effectors seems important for calculating the appropriate movement vector at any given moment. While this is a critical issue, it lies somewhat beyond the scope of the present article, which focuses more narrowly on how we perceive and represent the visual world across saccades (for reviews focusing on transsaccadic updating for motor control, see Klier & Angelaki...

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Visual stability

Cited by 65 publications

References 79 publications

Retinotopy of visual masking and non-retinotopic perception during masking

Retinotopy of visual masking and non-retinotopic perception during masking

Remapping of the line motion illusion across eye movements

Transsaccadic processing: stability, integration, and the potential role of remapping

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