Visual sorting of recyclable goods using a support vector machine

Nawrocky, Michael; Schuurman, Derek C.; Fortuna, J.

doi:10.1109/ccece.2010.5575231

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Classification systems show a trend in methods that use the principle of image processing that uses combinations of various techniques such as principal component analysis, spectroscopy (Rani et al, 2019), and Hough transform (Duda and Hart, 1972;Prasad and Vinu, 2012). Another technique used to classify plastic bottles is by extracting their characteristics in the intensity of the image and support vector machine (SVM), one of the leading classification techniques used in various classification applications (Nawrocky et al, 2010;Sanchez-Reyes et al, 2021). It can also find an approximation of the containers with morphological operations to describe the structure or shape of the image (Shahbudin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Technological Options To Develop Post-consumer Pet Bottle Classification Systems In Mexicomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its focus is on rotation, translation, and invariable scaling because it uses features derived from image histograms. The system achieves an accuracy of over 96% using grayscale images from the camera (Nawrocky et al, 2010). An approximation of packaging can also be found with morphological operations to describe the structure or shape of the image, using the two-dimensional description of the silhouette of plastic bottles.…”

Section: Trends To Improve Post-consumer Pet Bottle Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viable Disposal of Post-Consumer Polymers in Mexico: A Review

Ángeles-Hurtado

Rodríguez‐Reséndiz²,

Salazar-Colores³

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Post-consumer polymers require viable actions to transfer value to the final consumer to reduce environmental impact. Worldwide, initiatives are being developed to promote the culture of recycling and thus reduce waste generation. These initiatives seek to make the work of thousands of people visible, encourage job creation, and promote businesses through incentive schemes for effective separation, collection, classification, reuse, and recycling, in the hands of consumers, collectors, and scavenges. It is necessary to emphasize that Mexico needs to develop techniques to increase the productivity of collection centers for recyclable materials and to face the challenges that recycling implies. For these reasons, the Mexican government has spoken of waste management as a national priority due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which increased urban solid waste between 3.3 % and 16.5 % in addition to what was generated under normal conditions. Also, the recycling chain provides economic income to more than 35 thousand Mexicans. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is an example of the most notable circular economy in Mexico because 60 % of PET bottles are recycled. Therefore, this article addresses the methods and systems in the management of urban solid waste. It focuses on post-consumer recycled plastic bottles to provide an overview of cost-effective strategies for designing and developing an affordable sorting system in Mexico from the academic field. In addition, to simplify the solution that we propose, it is recommended to combine optical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy with others methods that work together, such as computer vision, to develop affordable systems that address the limitations of mechanical systems.

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Section: Technological Options To Develop Post-consumer Pet Bottle Classification Systems In Mexicomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trends To Improve Post-consumer Pet Bottle Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viable Disposal of Post-Consumer Polymers in Mexico: A Review

Ángeles-Hurtado

Rodríguez‐Reséndiz²,

Salazar-Colores³

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are many systems that are comparable to the sensory attenuation task in that they can perform categorization tasks (e.g. Leemans et al 2002; Nawrocky et al 2010) or use properties of incoming signals as the basis for their next actions (e.g. Bahdanau et al 2014; Yeh et al 2017).…”

Section: Grounding Theory In Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

A match does not make a sense: on the sufficiency of the comparator model for explaining the sense of agency

Zaadnoordijk

Besold

Hunnius

2019

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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The development of a sense of agency is indispensable for a cognitive entity (biological or artificial) to become a cognitive agent. In developmental psychology, researchers have taken inspiration from adult cognitive psychology and neuroscience literature and use the comparator model to assess the presence of a sense of agency in early infancy. Similarly, robotics researchers have taken components of the proposed mechanism in attempts to build a sense of agency into artificial systems. In this article, we identify an invalidating theoretical flaw in the reasoning underlying this conversion from adult studies to developmental science and cognitive systems research, rooted in an oversight in the conceptualization of the comparator model as currently used in experimental practice. In these experiments, the emphasis has been put solely on testing for a match between predicted and observed sensory consequences. We argue that the match by itself can exclusively generate a simple categorization or a representation of equality between predicted and observed sensory consequences, both of which are insufficient to generate the causal representations required for a sense of agency. Consequently, the comparator model, as it has been described in the context of the sense of agency and as it is commonly used in experimental designs, is insufficient to generate the sense of agency: infants and robots require more than developing the ability to match predicted and observed sensory consequences for a sense of agency. We conclude with outlining possible solutions and future directions for researchers in developmental science and artificial intelligence.

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Implementation and integration of image processing blocks in a real-time bottle classification system

Jimenez-Arteaga

Barrón-Zambrano

Hernández-Mier³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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A practical solution to the problems caused by the water, air, and soil pollution produced by the large volumes of waste is recycling. Plastic and glass bottle recycling is a practical solution but sometimes unfeasible in underdeveloped countries. In this paper, we propose a high-performance real-time hardware architecture for bottle classification, that process input image bottles to generate a bottle color as output. The proposed architecture was implemented on a Spartan-6 Field Programmable Gate Array, using a Hardware Description Language. The proposed system was tested for several input resolutions up to 1080 p, but it is flexible enough to support input video resolutions up to 8 K. There is no evidence of a high-performance bottle classification system in the state-of-the-art. The main contribution of this paper is the implementation and integration of a set of dedicated image processing blocks in a high-performance real-time bottle classification system. These hardware modules were integrated into a compact and tunable architecture, and was tested in a simulated environment. Concerning the image processing algorithm implemented in the FPGA, the maximum processing rate is 60 frames per second. In practice, the maximum number of bottles that can be processed would be limited by the mechanical aspects of the bottle transportation system.

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Visual sorting of recyclable goods using a support vector machine

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Viable Disposal of Post-Consumer Polymers in Mexico: A Review

Viable Disposal of Post-Consumer Polymers in Mexico: A Review

A match does not make a sense: on the sufficiency of the comparator model for explaining the sense of agency

Implementation and integration of image processing blocks in a real-time bottle classification system

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