Visual social attention in autism spectrum disorder: Insights from eye tracking studies

Guillon, Quentin; Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Baduel, Sophie; Rogé, Bernadette

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.013

Cited by 395 publications

(351 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…we sought to replicate this finding using measures of gaze duration. These latter measures are increasingly used to investigate social cognitive processing, particularly in view of their close association with attentional processes (Guillon, Hadjikhani, Baduel, & Rogé, 2014;RubioFernáandez, 2013;Schneider, Bayliss, Becker, & Dux, 2012). It is predicted that the slowing of processing of self-perspective due to interference caused by the automatic p o essi g of a othe s perspective should be reflected in longer gaze duration on the social agent (avatar) and surrounding discs for inconsistent relative to consistent trials.…”

Section: Congruentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclined to see it your way: Do altercentric intrusion effects in visual perspective taking reflect an intrinsically social process?

Nielsen

Slade

Levy

et al. 2015

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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It has been suggested that some aspects of mental state understanding recruit a rudimentary, but fast and efficient, processing system, demonstrated by the obligatory slowing down of judgements about what the self can see when this is incongruent with what another can see. We tested the social nature of this system by investigating to what extent these altercentric intrusions are elicited under conditions that differed in their social relevance and, further, how these related to self-reported social perspective taking and empathy. In Experiment 1, adult participants were asked to make “self” or “other” perspective-taking judgements during congruent (“self” and “other” can see the same items) or incongruent conditions (“self” and “other” cannot see the same items) in conditions that were social (i.e., involving a social agent), semisocial (an arrow), or nonsocial (a dual-coloured block). Reaction time indices of altercentric intrusion effects were present across all conditions, but were significantly stronger for the social than for the less social conditions. Self-reported perspective taking and empathy correlated with altercentric intrusion effects in the social condition only. In Experiment 2, the significant correlations for the social condition were replicated, but this time with gaze duration indices of altercentric intrusion effects. Findings are discussed with regard to the degree to which this rudimentary system is socially specialized and how it is linked to more conceptual understanding.

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Section: Congruentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclined to see it your way: Do altercentric intrusion effects in visual perspective taking reflect an intrinsically social process?

Nielsen

Slade

Levy

et al. 2015

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…In studies testing high functioning adolescents and adults with ASD differences in the timing of social attention are generally observed, such as being slower to orient attention to faces (Riby & Hancock, 2009), the eye region in particular (Freeth et al, 2010). A recent review concluded that the ability to orient towards others' faces in an effective manner is affected in ASD (Guillon et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Report: Patterns of Eye Movements in Face to Face Conversation are Associated with Autistic Traits: Evidence from a Student Sample

Vabalas

Freeth

2015

J Autism Dev Disord

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The current study investigated whether the amount of autistic traits shown by an individual is associated with viewing behaviour during a face-to-face interaction. The eye movements of 36 neurotypical university students were recorded using a mobile eye-tracking device. High amounts of autistic traits were neither associated with reduced looking to the social partner overall, nor with reduced looking to the face. However, individuals who were high in autistic traits exhibited reduced visual exploration during the face-to-face interaction overall, as demonstrated by shorter and less frequent saccades. Visual exploration was not related to social anxiety. This study suggests that there are systematic individual differences in visual exploration during social interactions and these are related to amount of autistic traits.

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“…Even subtle social difficulties may have negative long-term impact on a person's wellbeing, and it is therefore important to recognise the difficulties high-functioning individuals with ASD experience, and develop ways of supporting these individuals (Hanley et al, 2015;Tobin et al, 2014). Eye tracking methods provide the possibility to directly assess how highfunctioning individuals with ASD watch social interactions, and may help bridge commonly occurring gaps between evaluation outcomes and real-world manifestations of the disorder (Guillon, Hadjikhani, Baduel, & Rogé, 2014;Hanley et al, 2015). It has been suggested that subtle but clinically relevant impairments could effectively be detected by combining eye tracking and a verbal task (Freeth, Ropar et al, 2011), or by focusing on the moment-tomoment structure of eye movements (Falck-Ytter, Von Hofsten, Gillberg, & Fernell, 2013;Nakano et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Watch and Interpret Pragmatically Complex Scenes

Lönnqvist

Loukusa

Hurtig

et al. 2017

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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The aim of the current study was to investigate subtle characteristics of social perception and interpretation in high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and to study the relation between watching and interpreting. As a novelty, we used an approach that combined moment-by-moment eye tracking and verbal assessment. Sixteen young adults with ASD and 16 neurotypical control participants watched a video depicting a complex communication situation while their eye movements were tracked. The participants also completed a verbal task with questions related to the pragmatic content of the video. We compared verbal task scores and eye movements between groups, and assessed correlations between task performance and eye movements. Individuals with ASD had more difficulty than the controls in interpreting the video, and during two short moments there were significant group differences in eye movements. Additionally, we found significant correlations between verbal task scores and moment-level eye movement in the ASD group, but not among the controls. We concluded that participants with ASD had slight difficulties in understanding the pragmatic content of the video stimulus and attending to social cues, and that the connection between pragmatic understanding and eye movements was more pronounced for participants with ASD than for neurotypical participants.

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Visual social attention in autism spectrum disorder: Insights from eye tracking studies

Cited by 395 publications

References 122 publications

Inclined to see it your way: Do altercentric intrusion effects in visual perspective taking reflect an intrinsically social process?

Inclined to see it your way: Do altercentric intrusion effects in visual perspective taking reflect an intrinsically social process?

Brief Report: Patterns of Eye Movements in Face to Face Conversation are Associated with Autistic Traits: Evidence from a Student Sample

How Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Watch and Interpret Pragmatically Complex Scenes

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