„Visual snow“

Beyer, U.; Gaul, Charly

doi:10.1007/s00115-015-4401-y

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Between 52% ( 13 ) and 72% ( 11 ) of patients with VSS also suffer from migraine. In several clinical studies, patients reported migraine attacks in association with the appearance or the aggravation of their VSS ( 4 , 11 , 14 , 16 , 36 ). Schankin et al ( 4 ) and Puledda et al ( 11 ) explored the relationship between migraine status and the manifestation of VSS and found that people with migraine tended to have more symptoms as a marker of a stronger affection by this disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Snow Syndrome as a Network Disorder: A Systematic Review

Schankin

2021

Front. Neurol.

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Aim: By reviewing the existing clinical studies about visual snow (VS) as a symptom or as part of visual snow syndrome (VSS), we aim at improving our understanding of VSS being a network disorder.Background: Patients with VSS suffer from a continuous visual disturbance resembling the view of a badly tuned analog television (i.e., VS) and other visual, as well as non-visual symptoms. These symptoms can persist over years and often strongly impact the quality of life. The exact prevalence is still unknown, but up to 2.2% of the population could be affected. Presently, there is no established treatment, and the underlying pathophysiology is unknown. In recent years, there have been several approaches to identify the brain areas involved and their interplay to explain the complex presentation.Methods: We collected the clinical and paraclinical evidence from the currently published original studies on VS and its syndrome by searching PubMed and Google Scholar for the term visual snow. We included original studies in English or German and excluded all reviews, case reports that did not add new information to the topic of this review, and articles that were not retrievable in PubMed or Google Scholar. We grouped the studies according to the methods that were used.Results: Fifty-three studies were found for this review. In VSS, the clinical spectrum includes additional visual disturbances such as excessive floaters, palinopsia, nyctalopia, photophobia, and entoptic phenomena. There is also an association with other perceptual and affective disorders as well as cognitive symptoms. The studies that have been included in this review demonstrate structural, functional, and metabolic alterations in the primary and/or secondary visual areas of the brain. Beyond that, results indicate a disruption in the pre-cortical visual pathways and large-scale networks including the default mode network and the salience network.Discussion: The combination of the clinical picture and widespread functional and structural alterations in visual and extra-visual areas indicates that the VSS is a network disorder. The involvement of pre-cortical visual structures and attentional networks might result in an impairment of “filtering” and prioritizing stimuli as top-down process with subsequent excessive activation of the visual cortices when exposed to irrelevant external and internal stimuli. Limitations of the existing literature are that not all authors used the ICHD-3 definition of the VSS. Some were referring to the symptom VS, and in many cases, the control groups were not matched for migraine or migraine aura.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Snow Syndrome as a Network Disorder: A Systematic Review

Schankin

2021

Front. Neurol.

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“…Our search yielded 55 articles, most of which were reviews. Seven papers [3,[9][10][11][12][13][14] proposed clinical and electrophysiological tests in diagnostic criteria, including a web-based survey study, case-control study, and retrospective case series. Table 1 summarizes the baseline clinical characteristics of patients with VSS reported in these clinical studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VSS is not an isolated entity but frequently related to other entities. In most publications [3,[9][10][11][12][13][14], it is reconstituted as an entity different from migraine, although often associated with it. For approximately twothirds of the patients, symptoms progress to a series of episodes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual snow: a neuro-ophthalmic syndrome

Albano¹,

Guerriero²,

Alessio³

2022

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Optom

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Background: The visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a rare disease characterized by persistent positive visual phenomena that are enigmatic and may be underestimated. It manifests as the perception of tiny, simultaneous, diffuse, and mobile dots frequently throughout the visual field. Although it affects brain networks, ocular examination is also indicated. This paper was aimed to review recent studies on VSS to identify the best clinical approach. Methods: In this narrative review, PubMed/Medline, Directory of Open Access Journals, and Embase were searched using the following terms: “Visual snow”, “Persistent aura”, “Persistent positive visual phenomena”, “Visual aura”, “Migraine”, “TV static”, “Migraine aura status”, and “Visual disturbance”. We searched relevant publications from January 2014 to January 2021 to find the best clinical approach. Results: VSS may be reconstituted as a distinct entity, although the symptoms may be consistent with typical migraine visual aura. For approximately two-thirds of patients, symptoms worsen and reduce their ability for activities of daily living. It often causes psychogenic detriment of the patient and their capacity to function socially and vocationally. Comprehensive history-taking and ocular examination are required to rule out other causes. However, all ocular and radiological findings may be normal. Conclusions: VSS is a neuro-ophthalmic disorder characterized by continuous chronic and recurrent visual disturbances that involve the entire visual field and may respond to empiric antimigraine or anti-seizure treatments. It may reduce the ability for activities of daily living; therefore, proper diagnosis by eye care professionals is necessary to determine its diagnosis and management.

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“…Für Migräne werden multisensorische, insbesondere visuelle Symptome beschrieben. Visuelle Phänomene können differenzialdiagnostisch bei Augenkrankheiten, Epilepsie, drogeninduziert und bei einigen psychiatrischen Krankheiten auftreten [33].…”

Section: Auditive Auraunclassified

Auditive Phänomene als Differenzialdiagnostik zum Tinnitus

Marek

2021

Laryngorhinootologie

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Zusammenfassung Einleitung Im auditorischen System ist subjektiver Tinnitus als Phantomwahrnehmung bekannt. Menschen berichten auch über illusionäre Fehlwahrnehmungen von realen Höreindrücken und über komplexe szenenhafte akustische Phantasmen ohne externen Hörreiz. Die genauen pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge der auditiven Phänomene sind noch ungeklärt. Wichtige Komorbiditäten sind Schwerhörigkeit, Hirnerkrankungen und psychische Störungen. Methode In einer Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank PubMed wurden Publikationen bis März 2021 zu den Suchbegriffen Tinnitus, Palinakusis, Pareidolie, Synästhesie, Aura und akustische Halluzination im Hinblick auf Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zum subjektiven Tinnitus ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Subjektiver Tinnitus kann gemeinsam mit anderen auditiven Phänomenen in einem Individuum auftreten. Diagnostisch wichtig ist der Zusammenhang zwischen Hörverlust und Tinnitus sowie zwischen Tinnitus und Hörminderung im entsprechenden Frequenzbereich. Bei Schwerhörigkeit können weitere auditive Phänomene auftreten. Schlussfolgerung Das Auftreten verschiedener auditiver Phänomene gleichzeitig bei einer Person lässt ein auditorisches Wahrnehmungskontinuum mit gemeinsamen physiologischen Verarbeitungsstrukturen annehmen. Personen mit Schwerhörigkeit sollten nach den verschiedenen auditiven Phänomenen gefragt werden. Bei allen auditiven Phänomenen sollte die audiometrische Untersuchung zum diagnostischen Standard gehören.

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„Visual snow“

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Visual Snow Syndrome as a Network Disorder: A Systematic Review

Visual Snow Syndrome as a Network Disorder: A Systematic Review

Visual snow: a neuro-ophthalmic syndrome

Auditive Phänomene als Differenzialdiagnostik zum Tinnitus

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