Visual Sensor Networks for Indoor Real-Time Surveillance and Tracking of Multiple Targets

Abstract

The recent trend toward the development of IoT architectures has entailed the transformation of the standard camera networks into smart multi-device systems capable of acquiring, elaborating, and exchanging data and, often, dynamically adapting to the environment. Along this line, this work proposes a novel distributed solution that guarantees the real-time monitoring of 3D indoor structured areas and also the tracking of multiple targets, by employing a heterogeneous visual sensor network composed of both fixed and Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) cameras. The fulfillment of the twofold mentioned goal was ensured through the implementation of a distributed game-theory-based algorithm, aiming at optimizing the controllable parameters of the PTZ devices. The proposed solution is able to deal with the possible conflicting requirements of high tracking precision and maximum coverage of the surveilled area. Extensive numerical simulations in realistic scenarios validated the effectiveness of the outlined strategy.

A Review of Vision-Laser-Based Civil Infrastructure Inspection and Monitoring

“…For a multi-camera system, Hamdi et al [ 145 ] developed a multi-view transformation network (MVTN) to recognize 3D shapes by automatically deploying the poses of six cameras through prior knowledge, and not simply at 60° intervals. Giordano et al [ 146 ] proposed an indoor real-time multi-target tracking system based on a visual sensor network. To solve the problem of real-time 3D indoor structure monitoring and multi-target tracking, the system uses a distributed game theory algorithm to control the relevant parameters of the PTZ camera in order to ensure that it can maximize the coverage of the tracking area and solve the problem of high-accuracy recognition.…”

Sensor Placement Optimization of Visual Sensor Networks for Target Tracking Based on Multi-Objective Constraints

“…The VSNs are distributed perception networks that can track targets and achieve wide-area coverage, and they are composed of multiple smart camera nodes. At the moment, VSNs are widely used in surveillance [3,4], object detection [5], indoor patient monitoring [6], autonomous driving [7], smart city [8] and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles [9,10]. But the emergence of VSNs also brings with it a number of difficulties.…”

Sensor Fusion with Asynchronous Decentralized Processing for 3D Target Tracking with a Wireless Camera Network

“…Ref. [ 25 ] addressed the competing objectives of monitoring 3D indoor structured areas against tracking multiple 3D points with a heterogeneous visual sensor network composed of both fixed and Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) controllable cameras. The measurement was the projection of a distinct 3D point representing the target onto an image plane wherein all cameras followed the pinhole model with unit focal length.…”