Visual search with varying versus consistent attentional templates: Effects on target template establishment, comparison, and guidance.

Goldstein, Rebecca R.; Beck, Melissa R.

doi:10.1037/xhp0000520

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the idea of a one-slot attentional template is disputed because attentional selectivity for two targets is comparable to a single target, even when the targets are variable (Ansorge, Horstmann, & Carbone, 2005;Beck, Hollingworth, & Luck, 2012;Goldstein & Beck, 2018;Grubert, Carlisle, & Eimer, 2016;Irons, Folk, & Remington, 2012;Kerzel & Witzel, 2019;Roper & Vecera, 2012) (but see Biderman, Biderman, Zivony, & Lamy, 2017).…”

Section: Variable and Fixed Templatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Object features reinstated from episodic memory guide attentional selection

Kerzel

Andres

2020

Cognition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When observers search for an object in the environment, they compare the incoming sensory information to the attentional template, a representation of the target in visual working memory (VWM). Previous studies have shown that visual search is more efficient when the attentional template is precise. We pursued the hypothesis that the attentional template in VWM is automatically complemented by features from long-term memory, possibly to increase its precision. At the beginning of the experiment, observers learned associations between shape and color. Then, we tested whether selecting one of these shapes was influenced by the previously associated color. To this end, we ran a saccadic selection task consisting of a memory and choice display. In the memory display, the target shape was presented at central fixation and participants were instructed to foveate this shape in the subsequent choice display. In the choice display, the target shape appeared together with a distractor shape at eccentric positions. Importantly, the target shape was colorless in the memory display so that only shape, but not color was loaded into VWM. However, saccades went more frequently to the target shape when it was shown in the learned color than when this color was shown in the distractor. Thus, the color of the target shape was reinstated from episodic memory to complement the attentional template in VWM.

show abstract

Section: Variable and Fixed Templatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Object features reinstated from episodic memory guide attentional selection

Kerzel

Andres

2020

Cognition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, searching for targets that vary (Experiment 1) will likely limit the extent to which a precise target representation is generated. Research has shown that increases in template precision leads to a more efficient visual search (Bravo & Farid, 2009 ; Hout & Goldinger, 2015 ; Malcom & Henderson, 2009 ; Menneer et al, 2009 ; Schmidt & Zelinsky, 2009 ; Goldstein & Beck, 2018 ; Lavelle et al, 2021 ). Therefore, if search for repeated targets facilitates improvements in template precision, one would expect to see faster RTs over the course of target repetitions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The performance costs of interruption during visual search are determined by the type of search task

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prior research has shown that interruptions lead to a variety of performance costs. However, these costs are heterogenous and poorly understood. Under some circumstances, interruptions lead to large decreases in accuracy on the primary task, whereas in others task duration increases, but task accuracy is unaffected. Presently, the underlying cause of these costs is unclear. The Memory for Goals model suggests that interruptions interfere with the ability to represent the current goal of the primary task. Here, we test the idea that working memory (WM) may play a critical role in representing the current goal and thus may underlie the observed costs associated with interruption. In two experiments, we utilized laboratory-based visual search tasks, which differed in their WM demands, in order to assess how this difference influenced the observed interruption costs. Interruptions led to more severe performance costs when the target of the search changed on each trial. When the search target was consistent across trials, the cost of interruption was greatly reduced. This suggests that the WM demands associated with the primary task play an important role in determining the performance costs of interruption. Our findings suggest that it is important for research to consider the cognitive processes a task engages in order to predict the nature of the adverse effects of interruption in applied settings such as radiology.

show abstract

“…The attentional template is defined by cognitive scientists as an active representation of the search goal that can be held either within visual working memory (e.g., Gunseli et al, 2014 ; Schmidt & Zelinsky, 2017 ), or long term memory (e.g., Cunningham & Wolfe, 2014 ; Goldstein & Beck, 2018 ; Woodman et al, 2013 ), and attention is biased towards search items similar to the attentional template (e.g., Bravo & Farid, 2009 ; Vickery et al, 2005 ). To determine the impact that an attentional template has on search performance, observers are often asked to remember a target cue and then later search through a display where the target and/or distractors may be identical or similar to the cue.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From “satisfaction of search” to “subsequent search misses”: a review of multiple-target search errors across radiology and cognitive science

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For over 50 years, the satisfaction of search effect has been studied within the field of radiology. Defined as a decrease in detection rates for a subsequent target when an initial target is found within the image, these multiple target errors are known to underlie errors of omission (e.g., a radiologist is more likely to miss an abnormality if another abnormality is identified). More recently, they have also been found to underlie lab-based search errors in cognitive science experiments (e.g., an observer is more likely to miss a target ‘T’ if a different target ‘T’ was detected). This phenomenon was renamed the subsequent search miss (SSM) effect in cognitive science. Here we review the SSM literature in both radiology and cognitive science and discuss: (1) the current SSM theories (i.e., satisfaction, perceptual set, and resource depletion theories), (2) the eye movement errors that underlie the SSM effect, (3) the existing efforts tested to alleviate SSM errors, and (4) the evolution of methodologies and analyses used when calculating the SSM effect. Finally, we present the attentional template theory, a novel mechanistic explanation for SSM errors, which ties together our current understanding of SSM errors and the attentional template literature.

show abstract

Visual search with varying versus consistent attentional templates: Effects on target template establishment, comparison, and guidance.

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Object features reinstated from episodic memory guide attentional selection

Object features reinstated from episodic memory guide attentional selection

The performance costs of interruption during visual search are determined by the type of search task

From “satisfaction of search” to “subsequent search misses”: a review of multiple-target search errors across radiology and cognitive science

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About