Visual search in naturalistic scenes from foveal to peripheral vision: A comparison between dynamic and static displays

Nuthmann, Antje; Cañas-Bajo, Teresa

doi:10.1167/jov.22.1.10

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…When the sampled information from the periphery and the fovea is discrepant (e.g., when the saccade target is displaced or exchanged with another object), the visual system can segregate pre-and postsaccadic information (e.g., Atsma et al, 2016;Demeyer et al, 2010;Laurin et al, 2021;Tas et al, 2012;Tas et al, 2021). Furthermore, in some cases, the visual system samples object information with only peripheral vision (Treisman, 1986), and visual search is surprisingly unaffected by blocking foveal vision (David et al, 2021;Nuthmann, 2014;Nuthmann & Canas-Bajo, 2022). According to the transsaccadic feature prediction mechanism (Herwig & Schneider, 2014), object recognition and visual search is supported by predictions based on previous associations of peripheral and foveal information of objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familiar objects benefit more from transsaccadic feature predictions

Goktepe

Schütz²

2023

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The transsaccadic feature prediction mechanism associates peripheral and foveal information belonging to the same object to make predictions about how an object seen in the periphery would appear in the fovea or vice versa. It is unclear if such transsaccadic predictions require experience with the object such that only familiar objects benefit from this mechanism by virtue of having peripheral-foveal associations. In two experiments, we tested whether familiar objects have an advantage over novel objects in peripheral-foveal matching and transsaccadic change detection tasks. In both experiments, observers were unknowingly familiarized with a small set of stimuli by completing a sham orientation change detection task. In the first experiment, observers subsequently performed a peripheral-foveal matching task, where they needed to pick the foveal test object that matched a briefly presented peripheral target. In the second experiment, observers subsequently performed a transsaccadic object change detection task where a peripheral target was exchanged or not exchanged with another target after the saccade, either immediately or after a 300-ms blank period. We found an advantage of familiar objects over novel objects in both experiments. While foveal-peripheral associations explained the familiarity effect in the matching task of the first experiment, the second experiment provided evidence for the advantage of peripheral-foveal associations in transsaccadic object change detection. Introducing a postsaccadic blank improved change detection performance in general but more for familiar than for novel objects. We conclude that familiar objects benefit from additional object-specific predictions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familiar objects benefit more from transsaccadic feature predictions

Goktepe

Schütz²

2023

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…To check for the presence of smooth pursuit in each event classified as a fixation, we determined the Euclidian distances between the gaze coordinates of the last sample of the previous saccade and the first sample of the next saccade (cf. Hutson et al, 2017 ; Nuthmann & Canas-Bajo, 2022 ). We then compared the distances with those observed in Experiment 2 where slide shows of single frames from the videos were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, in real crime scenarios the protagonists and the objects they hold are likely to move. Recent eye-tracking research has demonstrated that motion in dynamic scenes leads to changes in viewing patterns, the degree of which depends on the viewing task (see Nuthmann & Canas-Bajo, 2022 , for a review). Most relevantly, Dorr et al ( 2010 ) found differences in gaze behavior for natural versus stop-motion movies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the role of attention in the “weapon focus effect”: Do weapons draw gaze away from the perpetrator under naturalistic viewing conditions?

Körner

Faul

Nuthmann

2023

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The presence of a weapon in a scene has been found to attract observers’ attention and to impair their memory of the person holding the weapon. Here, we examined the role of attention in this weapon focus effect (WFE) under different viewing conditions. German participants viewed stimuli in which a man committed a robbery while holding a gun or a cell phone. The stimuli were based on material used in a recent U.S. study reporting large memory effects. Recording eye movements allowed us to test whether observers’ attention in the gun condition shifted away from the perpetrator towards the gun, compared with the phone condition. When using videos (Experiment 1), weapon presence did not appear to modulate the viewing time for the perpetrator, whereas the evidence concerning the critical object remained inconclusive. When using slide shows (Experiment 2), the gun attracted more gaze than the phone, replicating previous research. However, the attentional shift towards the weapon did not come at a cost of viewing time on the perpetrator. In both experiments, observers focused their attention predominantly on the depicted people and much less on the gun or phone. The presence of a weapon did not cause participants to recall fewer details about the perpetrator’s appearance in either experiment. This null effect was replicated in an online study using the original videos and testing more participants. The results seem at odds with the attention-shift explanation of the WFE. Moreover, the results indicate that the WFE is not a universal phenomenon.

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“…Moreover, as one of the pioneering studies using VR in the context of gaze tracking demonstrated, the allocation of gaze towards objects can be linked to broader task-related concepts, such as approach and avoidance behavior, in realistic contexts (Rothkopf et al, 2007). VR setups usually allow for a larger field of view than standard laboratory displays, which -in addition to having the head and the body free to move -might be critical, as peripheral vision contributes substantially to search behavior in natural-scene viewing (Nuthmann & Canas-Bajo, 2022) and realworld tasks (Vater et al, 2022, for a review). At least for the free exploration of indoor spaces, gaze allocation in VR is remarkably similar to real-world behavior (Drewes et al, 2021), provided the VR control does not interfere with gaze (Feder et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Search for Hazardous Items: Using Virtual Reality (VR) in Laypersons to Test Wearable Displays for Firefighters

Feder¹,

Püschel²,

Simsek³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Visual search is widely studied, with paradigms ranging from simple stimuli and tasks to complex scenes and real-world settings. Here, we investigated a real-world scenario, the search for fire sources with a novel augmented reality (AR) device: a firefighter’s helmet equipped with a heat sensor and an integrated display indicating the heat distribution in the sensor’s field of view. This was compared to the current state-of-the-art, a hand-held thermal imaging camera. Although both are actual devices, we used a high fidelity virtual-reality (VR) simulation to provide a safe and controlled, yet realistic, experimental setting. Detecting fire sources was faster with the thermal camera than with the helmet display. Responses in target-present trials were faster than in target-absent trials for both devices. Fire localization after detection was numerically faster and more accurate, in particular in the horizontal plane, for the helmet display than for the thermal camera. Search was strongly biased to start on the left-hand side of each room, reminiscent of pseudoneglect and similar biases in scene viewing. Our study exemplifies how VR can be used to study vision in realistic settings, to foster the development of AR devices, and to obtain results relevant to basic science and applications alike.

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Visual search in naturalistic scenes from foveal to peripheral vision: A comparison between dynamic and static displays

Cited by 4 publications

References 93 publications

Familiar objects benefit more from transsaccadic feature predictions

Familiar objects benefit more from transsaccadic feature predictions

Revisiting the role of attention in the “weapon focus effect”: Do weapons draw gaze away from the perpetrator under naturalistic viewing conditions?

Visual Search for Hazardous Items: Using Virtual Reality (VR) in Laypersons to Test Wearable Displays for Firefighters

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