Visual Recognition of a Gymnastics Skill by Experienced and Inexperienced Instructors

Imwold, Charles H.; Hoffman, Shirl J.

doi:10.1080/02701367.1983.10605287

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The results showed that skilled players were significantly more accurate than nonplayers in recognising structured slides only. Similar results have been reported in hockey (Starkes, 1987;Starkes & Deakin, 1984), rugby (Nakagawa, 1982), ballet (Starkes, Dealun, Lindley, & Crisp, 1987), baseball (Chiesi, Spilich, & Voss, 1979;Spilich, Vesonder, Chiesi, & Voss, 1979), and gymnastics (Imwold & Hoffman, 1983). Evidently, the more accurate recognition and recall processes of the expert performer exist because they have developed a domain-dependent, semantically rich knowledge base which can be used in problem solving (Gilhooly & Green, 1989).…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

Cognitive Knowledge and Soccer Performance

et al. 1993

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study tested the proposition that experienced soccer players exhibit greater task-specific cognitive knowledge than novice players. 12 experienced and 12 inexperienced subjects viewed structured and unstructured soccer action sequences on a 3.65-m2 video projection screen. In recalling specific player positions following brief 10-sec. film clips, inexperienced players had larger recall of errors than the experienced players on structured trials only. This indicated that experienced players' cognitive knowledge permitted more meaninghl associations between players1 positions resulting in more efficient retrieval. When recognition of previously viewed film clips was examined, experienced subjects were more accurate in recognising structured trials only. Experienced soccer players seem to have a more complex and discriminating organisation of long-term memory which facilitates the encoding of task-specific information.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 73%

Cognitive Knowledge and Soccer Performance

et al. 1993

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, experience does seem to improve the observational analysis of a gymnastics skdl, where specialist gymnastics coaches exhibited 54% accuracy compared to 46% accuracy of generalist physical education teachers and undergraduate physical education students (Imwold & Hoffman, 1983). The aim of the present study was to assess how well physical therapists can quantify underlying ankle flexibility using observational analysis of a stair descent, comparing experienced physical therapists who observe gait regularly, experienced physical therapists who do not routinely observe gait, and 'novice' observers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…At least nine studies have investigated the reliability or accuracy of observational analysis of gait (Miyazaki & Kubota, 1984;Krebs, et al, 1985;Saleh & Murdoch, 1985;Eastlack, Arvidson, Snyder-Mackler, Danoff, & McGarvey, 1991;Spencer, Goldie, & Matyas, 1992;Lord, Halligan, & Wade, 1998;Mackey, Lobb, Walt, & Stott, 2003;McGinley, Goldie, Greenwood, & Olney, 2003;McGinley, Morris, Greenwood, Goldie, & 01-ney, 2006), for a comprehensive summary, see McGinley, et al (2003). Several other studies have investigated observational analysis of reaching (Bernhardt, Bate, & Matyas, 1998Bernhardt, Matyas, & Bate, 2002), a gymnastics skill (e.g., a front running handspring ;Biscan & Hoffman, 1976;Imwold & Hoffman, 1983), or playing a musical instrument (e.g., the violin: Ackermann & Adams, 2004). Overall, this research indicates that accuracy and reliability are sufficient to support the clinical use of observational analysis when raters focus their attention on specific variables as opposed to requiring the rater to make a large number of complex judgments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Observation of High and Low Passive Ankle Flexibility in Stair Descent

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Able-bodied people from the two extremes of the distribution of passive dorsiflexion exhibit biomechanical differences when descending stairs. Whether physical therapists could judge accurately the amount of ankle flexibility from observation of stair descent was examined with physical therapists (20 neurological 20 cardiothoracic) and 20 students. Subjects were 18 able-bodied men with high or low passive dorsiflexion. Raters viewed videotaped subjects descending stairs at normal playback speed and in slow motion and rated ankle flexibility on a 20-point scale. 'Flexible' or 'inflexible' subjects were classified correctly better than chance, but accuracy of rating flexibility was relatively poor. Both experience and slow motion playback improved accuracy. Physical therapists can detect extremes of normal flexibility in the ankle, based solely on observation of stair descent, and experienced therapists are better at this task than less experienced ones. Using slow motion videotape enhanced observational analysis.

show abstract

“…Readers who approach a text with different tasks in mind (e.g., reading for enjoyment vs. for obtaining information that must be recalled subsequently) evoke differential cognitive strategies (Palincsar & Brown, 1984). We can also assume that high-knowledge, experienced viewers-like highknowledge, experienced readers-bring richer sets of expectations to the viewing task and are better able to integrate components of the performance than are their low-knowledge, inexperienced counterparts (Bisanz & Voss, 1981 (Abernethy & Russell, 1987;Starkes & Deakin, 1984); had a greater capacity to chunk, encode, and retrieve structural aspects of a performance (Allard & Burnett, 1985); and employed differential, especially compact ocular scanning patterns (Bard, Fleury, Carriere, & Hall, 1980;Imwold & Hoffman, 1983;Petrakis, 1986Petrakis, , 1987.…”

Section: Evaluating Kinetic Performancementioning

confidence: 97%