Visual properties of neurons in inferotemporal cortex of the Macaque.

Gross, Charles G.; Rocha‐Miranda, Carlos Eduardo; Bender, D. B.

doi:10.1152/jn.1972.35.1.96

Cited by 1,355 publications

(682 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Micro-electrode studies in macaque have used simple luminance-defined, geometrical constructs and found neurons in IT that fired preferentially for related shapes (Desimone et al, 1984;Gallant et al, 1996;Gross et al, 1972;Tanaka et al, 1991) in a cue-invariant fashion (Sary et al, 1993). Neurons that are selective for object shape have also been found in V4 (Gallant et al, 1996;Pasupathy and Connor, 2002).…”

Section: Tuning For Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

The time course of shape discrimination in the human brain

et al. 2013

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The lateral occipital cortex (LOC) activates selectively to images of intact objects versus scrambled controls, is selective for the figure-ground relationship of a scene, and exhibits at least some degree of invariance for size and position. Because of these attributes, it is considered to be a crucial part of the object recognition pathway. Here we show that human LOC is critically involved in perceptual decisions about object shape. High-density EEG was recorded while subjects performed a threshold-level shape discrimination task on texture-defined figures segmented by either phase or orientation cues. The appearance or disappearance of a figure region from a uniform background generated robust visual evoked potentials throughout retinotopic cortex as determined by inverse modeling of the scalp voltage distribution. Contrasting responses from trials containing shape changes that were correctly detected (hits) with trials in which no change occurred (correct rejects) revealed stimulus-locked, target-selective activity in the occipital visual areas LOC and V4 preceding the subject's response. Activity that was locked to the subjects' reaction time was present in the LOC. Response-locked activity in the LOC was determined to be related to shape discrimination for several reasons: shape-selective responses were silenced when subjects viewed identical stimuli but their attention was directed away from the shapes to a demanding letter discrimination task; shape-selectivity was present across four different stimulus configurations used to define the figure; LOC responses correlated with participants' reaction times. These results indicate that decision-related activity is present in the LOC when subjects are engaged in threshold-level shape discriminations.

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Section: Tuning For Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

The time course of shape discrimination in the human brain

et al. 2013

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“…Six of these areas contain topographically organized representations of all or part of the contralateral visual hemifield; these are V2, V3, V3A, V4, the middle temporal area (MT), and the ventral posterior area (VP) (Cragg, 1969;Zeki, 1969Zeki, , 1971Van Essen and Zeki, 1978;Ungerleider and Mishkin, 1979;Van Essen et al, 1981). Visual areas lacking obvious topographic organization include inferotemporal cortex (IT) (Gross et al, 1972;Desimong and Gross, 1979) and posterior parietal cortex (area 7) (Lynch et al, 1977;Robinson et al, 1978). Five of the topographically organized areas (V2, V3, V3A, V4, and VP) have borders which are known to be closely related to major callosal recipient zones as indicated in Figure 3B (Zeki, 1971(Zeki, , 1978aVan Essen and Zeki, 1978;Newsome et al, 1980).…”

Section: A Standard Representation Of Callosal Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inferotemporal cortex (IT) is located in the vicinity of region F and parts of the surrounding callosal recipient zones 7,8, and 9 (Gross et al, 1972;Desimone and Gross, 1979). Within IT, however, there are regional differences in architecture (Seltzer and Pandya, 1978), connections (Zeki, 1973;Seltzer and Pandya, 1978;Desimone et al, 1980), and receptive field size (Desimone and Gross, 1979), suggesting that there may be more than one functionally distinct subdivision of this region.…”

Section: A Standard Representation Of Callosal Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pattern of interhemispheric connections and its relationship to extrastriate visual areas in the macaque monkey

Essen¹,

Newsome²,

Bixby³

1982

J. Neurosci.

298

160

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The distribution of interhemispheric connections was studied in extrastriate visual cortex of the macaque monkey. Callosal fiber terminations were identified by staining for anterograde degeneration following transection of the splenium of the corpus callosum. Retrogradely labeled cell bodies of callosal projection neurons were identified histochemically following application of horseradish peroxidase to the cut surface of the callosum. Results were displayed on unfolded, two-dimensional representations of the cortex, which permitted spatial and topological relationships between callosal recipient and callosal free cortical regions to be discerned readily.The overall pattern of callosal inputs to visual cortex can be subdivided into nine callosal recipient zones which surround seven callosal free regions in the occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes. This pattern provides reliable and useful landmarks for identifying the borders of at least five topographically organized extrastriate visual areas. There is a pronounced dorsoventral asymmetry in callosal projections, not recognized in previous studies, which reflects an asymmetry in the organization of visual areas in dorsal versus ventral halves of the occipital lobe.The pattern of callosal fiber terminations is mirrored by a very similar distribution of callosal projection neurons. There are significant regional differences in the laminar distribution of callosal projection cells, and these differences may reflect functionally distinct cortical subdivisions.A considerable degree of individual variability was found in the relationship of callosal connections to gyral and sulcal landmarks as well as in the fine structure of individual callosal recipient strips, suggesting that each animal has a unique "callosal fingerprint." These findings emphasize the usefulness of the callosal pathway in elucidating the functional organization of extrastriate visual cortex.

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“…0.5-1~ In contrast the receptive fields of neurons in the inferior temporal visual cortex are very large, almost always including. the fovea, and often extend to include large areas of the contralateral visual field (Gross et al 1972;Desimone and Gross 1979). However, these studies on inferior temporal neurons were performed under anaesthesia and pharmacological immobilization, and it was not clear that the neuronal responses found will reflect those which occur when the cortex is operating normally, while the animal is awake and behaving.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The responses of single neurons in the temporal visual cortical areas of the macaque when more than one stimulus is present in the receptive field

1995

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Neurons in the temporal visual cortical areas of primates have large receptive fields, which can show considerable selectivity for what the stimulus is irrespective of exactly where it is in the visual field. This is called translation invariance. However, such results have been found when there is only one stimulus in the visual field. The question arises of how the visual system operates in a cluttered environment. To investigate this we measured the responses of neurons with face-selective responses in the cortex in the anterior part of the superior temporal sulcus of rhesus macaques performing a visual fixation task. We found that the response of neurons to an effective face centred 8.5 ~ from the fovea was decreased to 71% if an ineffective face stimulus for that cell was present at the fovea. In a similar way, introduction of a parafoveal ineffective face stimulus decreased the responses of these neurons to an effective face stimulus at the fovea to 75%. In addition to these interactions, it was found that an effective stimulus object at the fovea produced a larger response than when it was parafoveal, and that this weighting towards an object at the fovea was also seen when more than one object was present in the visual field. The implication of this weighting of the responses of neurons towards objects at the fovea, even in an environment with more than one object present, is that the output of the visual system provides information to subsequent systems particularly about objects at the fovea, so that learning about these objects (and less about other objects elsewhere in the visual field) is facilitated.

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Visual properties of neurons in inferotemporal cortex of the Macaque.

Cited by 1,355 publications

References 32 publications

The time course of shape discrimination in the human brain

The time course of shape discrimination in the human brain

The pattern of interhemispheric connections and its relationship to extrastriate visual areas in the macaque monkey

The responses of single neurons in the temporal visual cortical areas of the macaque when more than one stimulus is present in the receptive field

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