Visual Processing Impairment and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Among Older Adults

Owsley, Cynthia

doi:10.1001/jama.279.14.1083

Cited by 716 publications

(570 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Memory training outcomes were measured by verbal memory tasks: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test total of the 3 learning trials (Brandt, 1991), Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test total of the 5 learning trials (Rey, 1941), and the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test immediate recall (Wilson et al, 1985). Speed of Processing training outcomes were measured using computer-based visual attention tasks, the Useful Field of View (Owsley et al, 1998), with the key dependent variable being the shortest display time required to achieve 80% correct response rate. Reasoning training outcomes were measured by tasks requiring the identification of patterns in letter and word series problems: Letter Series total correct (Thurstone & Thurstone, 1949), Letter Sets total correct (Ekstrom et al, 1976), and Word Series total correct (Gonda & Schaie, 1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of memory impairment on training outcomes in ACTIVE

Unverzagt

Kasten

Johnson

et al. 2007

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

109

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Cognitive training improves mental abilities in older adults, but the trainability of persons with memory impairment is unclear. We conducted a subgroup analysis of subjects in the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) trial to examine this issue. ACTIVE enrolled 2802 non-demented, community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older and randomly assigned them to one of four groups: Memory training, reasoning training, speed-of-processing training, or no-contact control. For this study, participants were defined as memory-impaired if baseline Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) sum recall score was 1.5 SD or more below predicted AVLT sum recall score from a regression-derived formula using age, education, ethnicity, and vocabulary from all subjects at baseline. Assessments were taken at baseline (BL), post-test, first annual (A1), and second annual (A2) follow-up. One hundred and ninety-three subjects were defined as memory-impaired and 2580 were memory-normal. Training gain as a function memory status (impaired vs. normal) was compared in a mixed effects model. Results indicated that memoryimpaired participants failed to benefit from Memory training but did show normal training gains after reasoning and speed training. Memory function appears to mediate response to structured cognitive interventions in older adults.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of memory impairment on training outcomes in ACTIVE

Unverzagt

Kasten

Johnson

et al. 2007

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

109

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“…Crossing an intersection requires divided attention among several pieces of information, perceiving and processing changes in the traffic situation, perceiving and processing signals and traffic signs, determining and executing a course of action (Braitman et al, 2007), and decision making under time pressure (Brouwer & Ponds, 1994). Attentional capacity deficits seem to be the key for their increased involvement in accidents (Owsley et al, 1998). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intersection assistance: A safe solution for older drivers?

Dotzauer¹,

Caljouw

Waard

et al. 2013

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Abstract:Within the next few decades, the number of older drivers operating a vehicle will increase rapidly (Eurostat, 2011). As age increases so does physical vulnerability, age-related impairments, and the risk of being involved in a fatal crashes. Older drivers experience problems in driving situations that require divided attention and decision making under time pressure as reflected by their overrepresentation in at-fault crashes on intersections. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) especially designed to support older drivers crossing intersections might counteract these difficulties. In a longer-term driving simulator study, the effects of an intersection assistant on driving were evaluated. 18 older drivers (M= 71.44 years) returned repeatedly completing a ride either with or without a support system in a driving simulator. In order to test the intersection assistance, eight intersections were depicted for further analyses. Results show that ADAS affects driving. Equipped with ADAS, drivers allocated more attention to the road center rather than the left and right, crossed intersections in shorter time, engaged in higher speeds, and crossed more often with a critical *Manuscript Click here to view linked References 2 time-to-collision (TTC) value. The implications of results are discussed in terms of behavioral adaptation and safety. Keywords:intersection assistance, older drivers, behavioral adaptation, safety, ADAS Highlights: More attention is allocated to the road center when driving with the system  Intersection assistance decreases intersection crossing time  Drivers equipped with ADAS cross intersections more often with a critical TTC 3

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“…Though driving a vehicle is shown to be a highly visual dependent task, a number of studies have shown that there is no clear relationship between visual acuity and driving performance (Ball et al, 1993;Decina & Staplin, 1993;Gresset & Meyer, 1994;Hills, 1980;Ivers et al, 1999; Johansson et al, 1996;Marottoli et al, 1994;McCloskey et al, 1994;Owsley et al, 1998;Owsley et al, 1991;Shinar & Schieber, 1991). However, some other tasks such as reading road signs and avoiding obstacles in the roadway, are found to be affected by visual acuity loss (Higgins et al, 1998).…”

Section: Visual Acuity and Driving Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Trait-based individual differences on discomfort glare rating responses and related visual contrast sensitivity

Lockhart¹,

Mekaroonreung²

2004

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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and Related Visual Contrast Sensitivity Haruetai Mekaroonreung (ABSTRACT) This research was designed to investigate the relationship between Trait-based Individual differences (neuroticism and extraversion) and glare subjective responses as well as the actual contrast sensitivity when exposed to the same manipulated glare condition. In addition, the relationship between the glare subjective responses and actual contrast sensitivity was investigated. To examine the trait-based individual differences, the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) was used while the subjective glare experience was examined utilizing modified glare discomfort rating scale. The visual performance was measured through the contrast sensitivity level using adjustable contrast level of the Landolt's C target. This investigation compared 36 individuals (9 high neuroticism scorers, 9 low neuroticism scorers, 9 high extraversion scorers, and 9 low extraversion scorers) on subjective discomfort glare rating responses and visual contrast sensitivity. The study is directed toward improving our understanding of influencing factors on the experience of discomfort glare, which may eventually be applied to the design of glare measurement methods, and toward training and selection of drivers and workers who may work under conditions of glare. Results indicated significant effect of extraversion trait on rating response while insignificant effect on visual related performance was found. The relationships between rating response and visual performance were also found to be quite low in this study. In conclusion, the expected model was supported but only on the extraversion trait. RationaleFeelings of discomfort glare have been widely assessed with rating scales for various purposes, especially in the design of lighting configurations such as street lighting and visual display terminal (VDT) systems. However, consensus is lacking among researchers in terms of discomfort glare assessment methods (Gellatly and Weintraub, 1990;Lennie & Van Hemel, 2002;Olson & Sivak, 1984;Sivak & Flannagan, 1994). Although the between-subject variations in rating scores are repeatedly reported to be quite high, the subjective glare rating has been the method used for many years.Several subjective rating scales have been proposed since the 1960s (De Boer, 1967a).Among these rating scales, the 9 point De Boer scale is most often used in the field of automotive and public lighting systems (Theeuwes, 2002) while some other scales such as Visual Analog Scale (VAS) are used less frequently.As suggested by few researchers (Berman et al., 1994;Theeuwes, 2002), one underlying reason for the large variability of this subjective response could be the result of differences in the observers' trait rather than visual impairment. For example, people with dispositions related to worry or anxiety may have a perceived criterion for discomfort that is much lower than those who have dispositions that are less anxiety or worry prone. As a result, the worried people could exhibit more...

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Visual Processing Impairment and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Among Older Adults

Cited by 716 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of memory impairment on training outcomes in ACTIVE

Effect of memory impairment on training outcomes in ACTIVE

Intersection assistance: A safe solution for older drivers?

Trait-based individual differences on discomfort glare rating responses and related visual contrast sensitivity

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