Visual perceptual conflicts and illusions

Temme, Leonard A.; Kalich, Melvyn E.; Curry, Ian P; Pinkus, Alan R.; Task, H. Lee; Rash, Clarence E.

doi:10.1037/e614362011-013

Cited by 2 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…This is the distance between the last physical element to the eye, and should be sufficient to allow for any refractive correction (spectacles/contact lenses) or personal protective equipment such as oxygen masks or chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear protective masks (3) . If the optical system is too close to the eye it may compromise physical comfort, but too far away and the field of view (see later) will be compromised (2,10) .…”

Section: Eye Reliefmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparisons with processing in the human visual system are difficult due to the multiple layers of neuronal networks, although visual evoked potentials record brain responses to visual stimuli within 50-100ms (11) and the vestibulo-ocular reflex can be as fast as 7-15ms (12) . Furthermore, the rapid processing of visual stimuli relies in part on the human brain making certain assumptions about the visual environment, which can lead to confusion and perceptual illusions in certain situations where the assumptions do not hold (10) . Despite advances being made in many areas of HMD design, system latency continues to be a significant problem, even in the most modern military aircraft such as JSF (13) .…”

Section: System Latencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the IHADSS imagery uses the P43 phosphor with peak spectral sensitivity of 543nm, close to that of the human eye (3) . Pilots are used to flying with imagery presented in monochromatic format, and in practice it rarely provides significant visual symptoms, although challenges arise given that background luminance affects the gain of the system and therefore bright cultural lighting may reduce the ability to detect more subtle luminance contrast effects such as contour gradients used in height estimation, or to attend to cockpit stimuli (3,10) . It is possible to add false colours to imagery from FLIR sensors, for example, although this may add more confusion to the visual demands of the aircrew.…”

Section: Image Chromaticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although information generated via such a sensor is better than no information at all, it can be a source of frustration that objects may not be easily recognisable, particularly if the ambient temperature or humidity degrades the generated image. In certain conditions when the background and atmosphere have similar thermal signatures 'thermal cross-over' occurs and all scene contrast is lost, rendering the pilot blind using the FLIR system (10) . Coupled with the reduced resolution of visual systems, pilots endure visual fatigue when flying with such systems, although becomes easier with adequate training and experience, and the improved resolution of more modern systems will only serve to improve matters further.…”

Section: Sensor Spectral Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distance between the two eyes is the inter-pupillary distance (IPD), and the horizontal separation of the eyes generates a slight disparity of the retinal image formed by the visual scene in the two eyes (24) . This forms the basis for stereopsis, a manifestation of higher cortical processing, and a binocular cue for depth information (10) . Stereopsis is useful for resolving depth information up to approximately 60m away from the observer, as beyond this the light rays arriving at the retina are essentially parallel and retinal disparity becomes negligible (6,10) .…”

Section: Depth Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual aspects of advanced sensors and helmet-mounted displays

Morgan-Warren

Woodcock

2014

Aeronaut. j. (1968)

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Visually coupled systems such as helmet mounted displays are designed to improve aircrew situational awareness by providing timely flight, targeting and other information overlaid on real or sensor-derived views of the external environment. Data can be presented in monocular, biocular or binocular fashion and are associated with visual conflicts and potential ophthalmic problems. Restricted sensor spectrum, limits of resolution, inherent system latency, the displaced visual input from remote sensors and restricted field of view may contribute to ophthalmic symptoms in aircrew. Disruption to binocularity and reliance on monocular cues for depth perception and hyperstereopsis from sensor-induced convergence disparity may cause distance estimation problems, whereas inappropriate accommodative stimuli and ocular dominance factors are common causes of eyestrain. Binocular rivalry from discordant imagery to each eye may compromise visual performance via several mechanisms. This article discusses the potential visual problems associated with visually coupled systems and the challenges of integrating complex systems with the aircrew interface.

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Section: Eye Reliefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System Latencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Image Chromaticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensor Spectral Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Depth Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual aspects of advanced sensors and helmet-mounted displays

Morgan-Warren

Woodcock

2014

Aeronaut. j. (1968)

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Dichoptic Viewing Methods for Binocular Rivalry Research: Prospects for Large-Scale Clinical and Genetic Studies

et al. 2013

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Binocular rivalry (BR) is an intriguing phenomenon that occurs when two different images are presented, one to each eye, resulting in alternation or rivalry between the percepts. The phenomenon has been studied for nearly 200 years, with renewed and intensive investigation over recent decades. The rate of perceptual switching has long been known to vary widely between individuals but to be relatively stable within individuals. A recent twin study demonstrated that individual variation in BR rate is under substantial genetic control, a finding that also represented the first report, using a large study, of genetic contribution for any post-retinal visual processing phenomenon. The twin study had been prompted by earlier work showing BR rate was slow in the heritable psychiatric condition, bipolar disorder (BD). Together, these studies suggested that slow BR may represent an endophenotype for BD, and heralded the advent of modern clinical and genetic studies of rivalry. This new focus has coincided with rapid advances in 3D display technology, but despite such progress, specific development of technology for rivalry research has been lacking. This review therefore compares different display methods for BR research across several factors, including viewing parameters, image quality, equipment cost, compatibility with other investigative methods, subject group, and sample size, with a focus on requirements specific to large-scale clinical and genetic studies. It is intended to be a resource for investigators new to BR research, such as clinicians and geneticists, and to stimulate the development of 3D display technology for advancing interdisciplinary studies of rivalry.

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Visual perceptual conflicts and illusions

Cited by 2 publications

References 77 publications

Visual aspects of advanced sensors and helmet-mounted displays

Visual aspects of advanced sensors and helmet-mounted displays

Dichoptic Viewing Methods for Binocular Rivalry Research: Prospects for Large-Scale Clinical and Genetic Studies

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