Visual perception of line direction in patients with unilateral brain disease

Benton, Arthur L.; Hannay, H. Julia; Varney, Nils R.

doi:10.1212/wnl.25.10.907

Cited by 365 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…1. (Heaton, 1981) Attention: Stroop Color and Word (Golden, 1978); Trail-Making Test (Reitan and Woltson, 1985); Digit Span and Digit Symbol WAIS-R (Wechsler, 1981); Vigilance and Distractibility, Continuous Performance Test (Gordan, 1986) Verbal memory: Logical Memory Passages (immediate and 30-min delay) WMS (Wechsler, 1945); Learning trails 1 through 5, California Verbal Learning Test (Delis et al, 1983) Spatial memory: Design Reproduction (immediate and 30-min delay) WMS Language abilities: Controlled Oral Word Association (letters C, F, and L) MAE (Benton and Hamsher, 1976); Animal Naming and Boston Naming Tests BDAE (Goodglass and Kaplan, 1983); Reading Recognition, WRAT-R (Jastak and Wilkinson, 1984); Token Test MAE Spatial abilities: Benton Line Orientation Test (Benton et al, 1975); Block Design WAIS-R (Wechsler, 1981); Rosen Drawing Test (Kareken et al, 1995) Sensory abilities: Reitan-Klove Sensory-Perceptual Exam HRB Motor abilities: Thumb Finger Sequential Touch (right and left hands) LNNB (Golden et al, 1980) Variables are abbreviated as follows: SANS total (SANSTOT); SAPS total (SAPSTOT); negative affect (N_AFF); alogia (N_ALO); avolition (N_AVO); anhedonia (N_ANH); hallucinations (P_HAL); delusions (P_DEL); bizarre idealization (P_BIZ); and thought disorder (P_THD). ns, not significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological evidence supporting a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: a longitudinal study

Censits

Ragland

Gur

et al. 1997

Schizophrenia Research

255

142

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The stability of neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia and its relationship to clinical change was contrasted between 60 patients with schizophrenia (30 first-episode, 30 previously treated) and 38 healthy controls using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and clinical scales administered at intake and at a 19-month follow-up. Consistent with the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, patients demonstrated deficits in cognitive performance at initial testing and did not show decline at follow-up. There were no differences in neuropsychological performance over time between first-episode and previously treated patients, nor between male and female patients or controls. As expected, patients improved clinically with treatment with respect to both positive and negative symptoms. First-episode patients improved more on the positive symptoms of hallucination and delusion; male and female patients showed equivalent clinical improvement. Clinical improvement correlated positively with neuropsychological change, with improved negative symptomatology accounting for most of the significant correlations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological evidence supporting a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: a longitudinal study

Censits

Ragland

Gur

et al. 1997

Schizophrenia Research

255

142

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“…The patient indicated with an overt "yes" or "no" whether the angle of the line on the second slide matched that on the immediately preceding first slide of the pair. Line angle matching has been related to f unction of the nondominant hemisphere (Benton et al, 1975). Each of the six trials of the measure of recent memory for names consisted of five slides.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Neurons in Human Temporal Cortex during Identification and Memory for Names and Words

Ojemann

Schoenfield-McNeill

1999

J. Neurosci.

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Extracellular recordings of human temporal cortical neuronal activity during identification and memory for object names or words were obtained from 31 neurons at 18 sites in 12 left language dominant patients undergoing left (10) or right (2) awake craniotomy for epilepsy under local anesthesia. Frequency of activity during identification was compared with perceptual controls, that during the encoding phase of recent memory to identification of the same material. Statistically significant changes in one or more temporal epoch ( p Ͻ 0.005) of one or more comparisons were present for 27 of the 31 neurons in either hemisphere. Few neurons changed activity in the same direction for both words and names. The instruction to retain an item in recent memory changed activity in most neurons from that during identification of the same material, although the items presented were identical and overtly identified in each task. Any individual neuron usually changed activity in one direction for only one task. There are separate, widely distributed neural networks for identification or recent memory for each type of material. The majority of nearby neurons recorded through the same extracellular microelectrode were related to the networks for different tasks.The temporal characteristics of these changes were also investigated; 31% of the changes were "phasic": temporally related to presentation or response to the item. Most of the remaining neuron changes were sustained throughout a task, often for several minutes. These task-specific sustained changes may reflect effects of thalamo-cortical attentional systems. Individual neurons had both sustained and phasic changes to different tasks. Key words: human; neuron; temporal; cortex; memory; languageThe importance of human temporal lobe for memory was initially established by the observation of amnesia after bilateral lesions there (Scoville and Milner, 1957). That deficit is most evident in recent memory for specific items and declarative episodic memory but not long-term memory, very brief working memory, or memory for procedures (Shimamura, 1989). Subsequent studies demonstrated lateralized material-specific recent memory deficits: verbal after left temporal resections and visuospatial after right temporal resections (Milner, 1971). These deficits are usually related to damage to medial temporal structures, especially hippocampus (Squire and Z ola-Morgan, 1991). However, there is also evidence indicating a role for lateral temporal neocortex in recent memory, derived from effects of lesions (Milner, 1967;Ojemann and Dodrill, 1987) and electrical stimulation mapping (Ojemann, 1978(Ojemann, , 1983Fried et al., 1982;Ojemann and Dodrill, 1985;Perrine et al., 1994).Neurosurgical operations in which the patient is awake for part of the procedure provide an opportunity to record activity of neurons in human temporal neocortex . Those recordings have shown changes in neuronal activity during measures of recent memory for names (Ojemann et al., 1988;Haglund et al., 1994) and words (Web...

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“…g PVRT (Gur and Reivich 1980). h CJOLO (Benton et al 1975). with schizophrenia showed pronounced uniform impairment; whereas, for the computerized scan, they were impaired in all but the sensorimotor domain.…”

Section: Study 1: Diagnosis Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%